Image data for enhanced user interactions

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure generally relates to using avatars and image data for enhanced user interactions. In some examples, user status dependent avatars are generated and displayed with a message associated with the user status. In some examples, a device captures image information to scan an object to create a 3D model of the object. The device determines an algorithm for the 3D model based on the capture image information and provides visual feedback on additional image data that is needed for the algorithm to build the 3D model. In some examples, an application&#39;s operation on a device is restricted based on whether an authorized user is identified as using the device based on captured image data. In some examples, depth data is used to combine two sets of image data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/714,887, entitled “IMAGE DATA FOR ENHANCED USER INTERACTIONS”, filedSep. 25, 2017, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication 62/399,226, entitled “IMAGE DATA FOR ENHANCED USERINTERACTIONS”, filed Sep. 23, 2016, and U.S. Provisional PatentApplication 62/507,148, entitled “IMAGE DATA FOR ENHANCED USERINTERACTIONS”, filed May 16, 2017, the content of which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces,and more specifically to techniques for using avatars and/or image datafor enhanced user interactions.

BACKGROUND

Avatars are used to represent the users of electronic devices. Theavatars can represent the appearance of a user or can represent anidealized or completely fictional representation of the user. Avatarscan be then be associated with a user so that the appearance of theavatar to others indicates triggers an association or link with theuser.

Many electronic devices today include sensors, such as image sensors.For example, some smartphones include image sensors on both the frontand back of the phone and may even include multiple image sensors on thesame side. These image sensors are typical used to capture still imagesand video, which can then be shared and viewed later.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Some techniques for using avatars and/or image data to enhance userinteractions with electronic devices, however, are generally cumbersomeand inefficient. For example, some existing techniques use a complex andtime-consuming user interface, which may include multiple key presses orkeystrokes. Existing techniques require more time than necessary,wasting user time and device energy. This latter consideration isparticularly important in battery-operated devices.

Accordingly, the present technique provides electronic devices withfaster, more efficient methods and interfaces for using avatars and/orimage data to enhance user interactions. Such methods and interfacesoptionally complement or replace other methods for using avatars and/orimage data to enhance user interactions. Such methods and interfacesreduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficienthuman-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, suchmethods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time betweenbattery charges.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device with a displayand associated with a first user receives a first message from a seconduser, wherein the first message includes first content; receives firststatus data for the second user, wherein the first status data isassociated with the first message and separate from the first content;displays concurrently, on the display, the first message, including thefirst content, and a first avatar, wherein the first avatar is based onthe first status data and the displayed first avatar is adjacent to thedisplayed first message; after displaying the first message and thefirst avatar, receives a second message from the second user, whereinthe second message includes second content; receives second status datafor the second user, wherein the second status is associated with thesecond message and separate from the second content; and whilemaintaining the display of the first message and the first avatar,displays, on the display, the second message, including the secondcontent, and a second avatar, wherein the displayed second avatar isadjacent to the displayed second message, the second avatar is based onthe second status data, and the first avatar and the second avatar aredifferent.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storesone or more programs, the one or more programs comprise instructions,which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic devicewith a display and one or more input devices, cause the device to:display, on the display, content in an application, wherein the contentis displayed while the application is in a first configuration; whiledisplaying the content, capture image data (from the one or more imagesensors of the electronic device; after capturing the image data,receive a request to navigate away from the content; and in response toreceiving a request to navigate away from the content: in accordancewith a determination that a first set of content-lock criteria have beenmet, prevent navigation away from the content while maintaining displayof the content, wherein the first set of content-lock criteria includesa first criterion that is met when the captured image data indicatesthat an unauthorized user is using the device; and in accordance with adetermination that the first set of content-lock criteria have not beenmet, navigate away from the content in accordance with the request.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device with one or moreimage sensors, memory, and a display: captures first image data from oneor more image sensors of the electronic device, wherein the first imagedata includes first optical image data of an object from a firstperspective; captures second image data from the one or more imagesensors of the electronic device, wherein the second image data includessecond optical image light data of the object from a second perspectivethat is different from the first perspective; selects an algorithm basedon the change in perspective from the first perspective to the secondperspective; based on the algorithm, determines additional image datathat is needed to continue the 3D modeling of the object; and displays,on the display, visual feedback that provides instructions for capturingthe additional image data determined based on the selected algorithm.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storesone or more programs, the one or more programs comprise instructions,which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic devicewith a display and one or more image sensors, cause the device to:capture first image data from one or more image sensors of theelectronic device, wherein the first image data includes first opticalimage data of an object from a first perspective; capture second imagedata from the one or more image sensors of the electronic device,wherein the second image data includes second optical image light dataof the object from a second perspective that is different from the firstperspective; select an algorithm based on the change in perspective fromthe first perspective to the second perspective; based on the algorithm,determine additional image data that is needed to continue the 3Dmodeling of the object; and display, on the display, visual feedbackthat provides instructions for capturing the additional image datadetermined based on the selected algorithm.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device with a displayand one or more image sensors: displays, on the display, content in anapplication, wherein the content is displayed while the application isin a first configuration; while displaying the content, captures imagedata (from the one or more image sensors of the electronic device; aftercapturing the image data, receives a request to navigate away from thecontent; and in response to receiving a request to navigate away fromthe content: in accordance with a determination that a first set ofcontent-lock criteria have been met, prevents navigation away from thecontent while maintaining display of the content, wherein the first setof content-lock criteria includes a first criterion that is met when thecaptured image data indicates that an unauthorized user is using thedevice; and in accordance with a determination that the first set ofcontent-lock criteria have not been met, navigates away from the contentin accordance with the request.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storesone or more programs, the one or more programs comprise instructions,which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic devicewith a display and one or more image sensors, cause the device to:display, on the display, content in an application, wherein the contentis displayed while the application is in a first configuration; whiledisplaying the content, capture image data from the one or more imagesensors of the electronic device; after capturing the image data,receive a request to navigate away from the content; and in response toreceiving a request to navigate away from the content: in accordancewith a determination that a first set of content-lock criteria have beenmet, prevent navigation away from the content while maintaining displayof the content, wherein the first set of content-lock criteria includesa first criterion that is met when the captured image data indicatesthat an unauthorized user is using the device; and in accordance with adetermination that the first set of content-lock criteria have not beenmet, navigate away from the content in accordance with the request.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device has a display anda camera. The electronic device causes display of, on the display, auser interface that includes a representation of content. Whiledisplaying the user interface that includes the representation ofcontent, the electronic device receives first user input on theelectronic device corresponding to a request for performing a predefinedaction on the content. In response to receiving the first user input:the electronic device, in accordance with a determination, based oncaptured image data captured by the camera, that a set of authorizationcriteria is met, wherein the authorization criteria include a criterionthat is met when the captured image data indicates that the face of anauthorized user was present in front of the camera and was looking atthe display at the time that the user input was received, performs thepredefined action; and the electronic device, in accordance with adetermination, based on the captured image data, that the set ofauthorization criteria is not met, forgoes performance of the predefinedaction.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storingone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device with a display and a camera, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a userinterface that includes a representation of content; while displayingthe user interface that includes the representation of content,receiving first user input on the electronic device corresponding to arequest for performing a predefined action on the content; in responseto receiving the first user input: in accordance with a determination,based on captured image data captured by the camera, that a set ofauthorization criteria is met, wherein the authorization criteriainclude a criterion that is met when the captured image data indicatesthat the face of an authorized user was present in front of the cameraand was looking at the display at the time that the user input wasreceived, performing the predefined action; and in accordance with adetermination, based on the captured image data, that the set ofauthorization criteria is not met, forgoing performance of thepredefined action.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device has a display anda camera. The electronic device: displays, on the display, a userinterface that includes a representation of content; while displayingthe user interface that includes the representation of content,receiving first user input on the electronic device corresponding to arequest for performing a predefined action on the content; in responseto receiving the first user input: in accordance with a determination,based on captured image data captured by the camera, that a set ofauthorization criteria is met, wherein the authorization criteriainclude a criterion that is met when the captured image data indicatesthat the face of an authorized user was present in front of the cameraand was looking at the display at the time that the user input wasreceived, performs the predefined action; and in accordance with adetermination, based on the captured image data, that the set ofauthorization criteria is not met, forgoes performance of the predefinedaction.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storingone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device with a display and a camera. The electronicdevice displays, on the display, a graphical user interface elementrepresenting a function; while displaying the graphical user interfaceelement on the display, receives first user input corresponding to arequest to execute the function; in response to receiving the first userinput: in accordance with a determination that the function is subjectto enhanced security and that a set of authorization criteria is met,including that captured image data indicates that the face of anauthorized user was present in front of the camera at the time that theuser input was received, executes the function; in accordance with adetermination that the function is subject to enhanced security and thatthe set of authorization criteria is not met, forgoes execution of thefunction; and in accordance with a determination that the function isnot subject to enhanced security, executes the function without regardto whether or not the set of authorization criteria are met.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device has a display anda camera. The electronic device: displays, on the display, a graphicaluser interface element representing a function; while displaying thegraphical user interface element on the display, receives first userinput corresponding to a request to execute the function; in response toreceiving the first user input: in accordance with a determination thatthe function is subject to enhanced security and that a set ofauthorization criteria is met, including that captured image dataindicates that the face of an authorized user was present in front ofthe camera at the time that the user input was received, executing thefunction; in accordance with a determination that the function issubject to enhanced security and that the set of authorization criteriais not met, forgoing execution of the function; and in accordance with adetermination that the function is not subject to enhanced security,executing the function without regard to whether or not the set ofauthorization criteria are met.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storingone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device with a display and a camera, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: displaying, on the display, agraphical user interface element representing a function; whiledisplaying the graphical user interface element on the display,receiving first user input corresponding to a request to execute thefunction; in response to receiving the first user input: in accordancewith a determination that the function is subject to enhanced securityand that a set of authorization criteria is met, including that capturedimage data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present infront of the camera at the time that the user input was received,executing the function; in accordance with a determination that thefunction is subject to enhanced security and that the set ofauthorization criteria is not met, forgoing execution of the function;and in accordance with a determination that the function is not subjectto enhanced security, executing the function without regard to whetheror not the set of authorization criteria are met.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device has a display anda camera. The electronic device: detects the occurrence of an alertcondition that corresponds to an event that occurred at the device; inresponse to detecting the occurrence of the alert condition: inaccordance with a determination, based on captured image data, that aset of alert criteria is met, including that the captured image dataindicates that a face of a user is present in front of the camera,responds to the alert condition in a first manner; in accordance with adetermination, based on the captured image data, that the set of alertcriteria is not met, responds to the alert condition in a second mannerdifferent than the first manner.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storingone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device with a display and a camera, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: detecting the occurrence of analert condition that corresponds to an event that occurred at thedevice; in response to detecting the occurrence of the alert condition:in accordance with a determination, based on captured image data, that aset of alert criteria is met, including that the captured image dataindicates that a face of a user is present in front of the camera,responding to the alert condition in a first manner; in accordance witha determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of alertcriteria is not met, responding to the alert condition in a secondmanner different than the first manner.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device has a display anda camera. The electronic device: displays a user interface including aplurality of user interface elements including a first GUI element and asecond GUI element; receives verbal user input via the microphonecorresponding to a request to execute a function wherein the inputincludes a request to perform an action that could be performed withrespect to the first user interface element or the second user interfaceelement and the user input received via the microphone does not includeinformation enabling the device to determine whether to perform theaction with respect to the first user interface element or the secondGUI element; in response to receiving the verbal user input via themicrophone: in accordance with a determination that image data capturedat a time corresponding to when the verbal user input was receivedindicates that the user was looking at the first user interface element,performs the requested function with data, associated with the firstuser interface element; and in accordance with a determination thatimage data captured at the time corresponding to when the verbal userinput was received indicates that the user was looking at the seconduser interface element, performs the requested function with data,associated with the second user interface element.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storingone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device with a display and a camera, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: displaying a user interfaceincluding a plurality of user interface elements including a first GUIelement and a second GUI element; receiving verbal user input via themicrophone corresponding to a request to execute a function wherein theinput includes a request to perform an action that could be performedwith respect to the first user interface element or the second userinterface element and the user input received via the microphone doesnot include information enabling the device to determine whether toperform the action with respect to the first user interface element orthe second GUI element; in response to receiving the verbal user inputvia the microphone: in accordance with a determination that image datacaptured at a time corresponding to when the verbal user input wasreceived indicates that the user was looking at the first user interfaceelement, performing the requested function with data, associated withthe first user interface element; and in accordance with a determinationthat image data captured at the time corresponding to when the verbaluser input was received indicates that the user was looking at thesecond user interface element, performing the requested function withdata, associated with the second user interface element.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device has a display anda camera. The electronic device: while a scene is in a field of view ofthe camera, receives a request to capture image data with the camera; inresponse to the request to capture the image data, captures image datacorresponding to the scene, wherein capturing the image data includes:captures first image data with first image capture settings that areselected based on an appearance of a first portion of the scene that isdetermined to correspond to a first depth region that is a firstdistance from the image sensors; and captures second image data withsecond image capture settings that are different from the first imagecapture settings, wherein the second image capture settings are selectedbased on an appearance of a second portion of the scene that isdetermined to correspond to a second depth region that is a seconddistance from the camera; after capturing the image data correspondingto the scene, displays, on the display, an image of the scene, whereinthe image of the scene is generated by combining the first image dataand the second image data.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storingone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device with a display and a camera, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: while a scene is in a field of viewof the camera, receiving a request to capture image data with thecamera; in response to the request to capture the image data, capturingimage data corresponding to the scene, wherein capturing the image dataincludes: capturing first image data with first image capture settingsthat are selected based on an appearance of a first portion of the scenethat is determined to correspond to a first depth region that is a firstdistance from the image sensors; and capturing second image data withsecond image capture settings that are different from the first imagecapture settings, wherein the second image capture settings are selectedbased on an appearance of a second portion of the scene that isdetermined to correspond to a second depth region that is a seconddistance from the camera; after capturing the image data correspondingto the scene, displaying, on the display, an image of the scene, whereinthe image of the scene is generated by combining the first image dataand the second image data.

In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic device has a display, afirst camera, and a second camera. The electronic device: while a firstscene is in a field of view of the first camera and a second scenedifferent than the first scene is in a field of view of the secondcamera: captures first image data of the first scene with the firstcamera, wherein the first image data includes depth image data andvisible light image data and the depth image data indicates that a firstportion of the first image data corresponds to a first portion of thescene that is in a first depth region that is a first distance from thefirst camera and a second portion of the image data corresponds to asecond portion of the scene that is in a second depth region that is asecond distance from the first image sensor that is different from thefirst distance; captures second image data of the second scene from thesecond camera; and after capturing the first image data and the secondimage data, combines the second image data and the first portion of thefirst image data to create a combined image.

An embodiment of a transitory computer readable storage medium storingone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device with a display, a first camera, and a secondcamera, the one or more programs including instructions for: while afirst scene is in a field of view of the first camera and a second scenedifferent than the first scene is in a field of view of the secondcamera: capturing first image data of the first scene with the firstcamera, wherein the first image data includes depth image data andvisible light image data and the depth image data indicates that a firstportion of the first image data corresponds to a first portion of thescene that is in a first depth region that is a first distance from thefirst camera and a second portion of the image data corresponds to asecond portion of the scene that is in a second depth region that is asecond distance from the first image sensor that is different from thefirst distance; capturing second image data of the second scene from thesecond camera; and after capturing the first image data and the secondimage data, combining the second image data and the first portion of thefirst image data to create a combined image.

Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally,included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or othercomputer program product configured for execution by one or moreprocessors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are,optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium orother computer program product configured for execution by one or moreprocessors.

Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods andinterfaces for using image data to enhance user interactions, therebyincreasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction withsuch devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replaceother methods for using image data to enhance user interactions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

For a better understanding of the various described embodiments,reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, inconjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numeralsrefer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction devicewith a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screenin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunctiondevice with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the displayin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5A illustrates a personal electronic device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5C-5D illustrate exemplary components of a personal electronicdevice having a touch-sensitive display and intensity sensors inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5E-5H illustrate exemplary components and user interfaces of apersonal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6J illustrate exemplary user interfaces for communicating userstatus information for a message.

FIGS. 7A-7B is a flow diagram illustrating a method for communicatinguser status information for a message.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary functional block diagram of an electronicdevice.

FIGS. 9A-9L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for capturing data forbuilding 3D models.

FIGS. 10A-10B is a flow diagram illustrating a method for capturing datafor building 3D models.

FIG. 11 shows an exemplary functional block diagram of an electronicdevice.

FIGS. 12A-12J illustrate exemplary user interfaces for restrictingaccess to data and applications based on the user.

FIGS. 13A-13B is a flow diagram illustrating a method for restrictingaccess to data and applications based on the user.

FIG. 14 shows an exemplary functional block diagram of an electronicdevice.

FIG. 15A-15F illustrates exemplary scenes that an electronic device cancapture using a camera.

FIGS. 16A-16G illustrate exemplary user interfaces for performingactions on an electronic device based on captured image data.

FIGS. 17A-17B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for performingactions on an electronic device based on captured image data.

FIGS. 18A-18L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for enhancingsecurity and/or privacy an electronic device based on captured imagedata.

FIGS. 19A-19B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for enhancingsecurity and/or privacy an electronic device based on captured imagedata.

FIGS. 20A-20F illustrate exemplary user interfaces and scenes forprocessing alert conditions for events on electronic devices.

FIGS. 21A-21B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for processingalert conditions for events on electronic devices.

FIGS. 22A-22F illustrate exemplary user interfaces and scenes forperforming functions based on voice input and captured image data.

FIGS. 23A-23B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for performingfunctions based on voice input and captured image data.

FIGS. 24A-24H illustrate exemplary user interfaces, scenes, and imagedata for generating a high dynamic range (HDR) image.

FIGS. 25A-25B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for generating ahigh dynamic range (HDR) image.

FIGS. 26A-26K illustrate exemplary user interfaces for generating acomposite image.

FIGS. 27A-27B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for generating acomposite image.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, andthe like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is notintended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but isinstead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.

There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient methodsand interfaces for using avatars and/or image data for more than simplysaving visual representations of particular moments in time. Usingembodiments of some of the techniques described below, avatars and/orimage data can be used to enhance user interactions with electronicdevices and other users. Such techniques can reduce the cognitive burdenon a user who is using avatars and/or image data to communicate withother users and interact with their electronic devices, therebyenhancing productivity. Further, such techniques can reduce processorand battery power otherwise wasted on redundant user inputs.

Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, 3, 4A-4B, and 5A-5B provide a description ofexemplary devices for performing the techniques for using image data toenhance user interaction, as described below.

FIGS. 6A-6J illustrate exemplary user interfaces for communicating userstatus information for a message with an avatar. FIGS. 7A-7B is a flowdiagram illustrating methods of communicating user status informationfor a message with an avatar in accordance with some embodiments. Theuser interfaces in FIGS. 6A-6G are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes in FIGS. 7A-7B.

FIGS. 9A-9L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for capturing data forbuilding 3D models. FIGS. 10A-10B is a flow diagram illustrating methodsof capturing data for building 3D models in accordance with someembodiments. The user interfaces in FIGS. 9A-9L are used to illustratethe processes described below, including the processes in FIGS. 10A-10B.

FIGS. 12A-12J illustrate exemplary user interfaces for restrictingaccess to data and applications based on the user. FIGS. 13A-13B is aflow diagram illustrating methods of restricting access to data andapplications based on the user in accordance with some embodiments. Theuser interfaces in FIGS. 12A-12J are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes in FIGS. 13A-13B.

FIGS. 16A-16G illustrate exemplary user interfaces for restrictingexecution of operations based captured image data and a set of one ormore criteria. FIGS. 17A-17B are a flow diagram illustrating methods forrestricting execution of operations based captured image data and a setof one or more criteria in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in FIGS. 16A-16G illustrate the processes described below,including the processes in FIGS. 17A-17B.

FIGS. 18A-18L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for enhanced securitybased captured image data and a set of one or more authorizationcriteria. FIGS. 19A-19B are a flow diagram illustrating methods forenhanced security based captured image data and a set of one or moreauthorization criteria in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in FIGS. 18A-18L illustrate the processes described below,including the processes in FIGS. 19A-19B.

FIGS. 20A-20F illustrate exemplary user interfaces and scenes forprocessing alerts conditions, based on captured image data,corresponding to events on an electronic device. FIGS. 21A-21B are aflow diagram illustrating methods for processing alerts conditions,based on captured image data, corresponding to events on an electronicdevice criteria in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfacesin FIGS. 20A-20F illustrate the processes described below, including theprocesses in FIGS. 21A-21B.

FIGS. 22A-22F illustrate exemplary user interfaces and scenes forperforming ambiguous voice commands based on captured image data. FIGS.23A-23B are a flow diagram illustrating methods for performing ambiguousvoice commands based on captured image data in accordance with someembodiments. The user interfaces in FIGS. 22A-22F illustrate theprocesses described below, including the processes in FIGS. 23A-23B.

FIGS. 24A-24H illustrate exemplary user interfaces and captured imagedata for generating high dynamic range (HDR) images. FIGS. 25A-24B are aflow diagram illustrating methods for generating high dynamic range(HDR) images in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces inFIGS. 24A-24H illustrate the processes described below, including theprocesses in FIGS. 25A-25B.

FIGS. 26A-26K illustrate exemplary user interfaces, scenes, and capturedimage data for generating composite images. FIGS. 27A-27B are a flowdiagram illustrating methods for generating composite images inaccordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in FIGS. 26A-26Killustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 27A-27B.

Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. todescribe various elements, these elements should not be limited by theterms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element fromanother. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and,similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, withoutdeparting from the scope of the various described embodiments. The firsttouch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the sametouch.

The terminology used in the description of the various describedembodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in thedescription of the various described embodiments and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as usedherein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. It will be furtherunderstood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence ofstated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof.

The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “inresponse to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on thecontext. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a statedcondition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upondetermining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [thestated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the statedcondition or event],” depending on the context.

Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, andassociated processes for using such devices are described. In someembodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as amobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/ormusic player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunctiondevices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad®devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronicdevices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitivesurfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are,optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in someembodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but isa desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screendisplay and/or a touchpad).

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should beunderstood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes oneor more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physicalkeyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one ormore of the following: a drawing application, a presentationapplication, a word processing application, a website creationapplication, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, agaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencingapplication, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, aworkout support application, a photo management application, a digitalcamera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsingapplication, a digital music player application, and/or a digital videoplayer application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally useat least one common physical user-interface device, such as thetouch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitivesurface as well as corresponding information displayed on the deviceare, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the nextand/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physicalarchitecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the deviceoptionally supports the variety of applications with user interfacesthat are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices withtouch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustratingportable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display 112 issometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes knownas or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device 100 includesmemory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer-readablestorage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units(CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106,other input control devices 116, and external port 124. Device 100optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 fordetecting intensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitivesurface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100).Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 167for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactileoutputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). Thesecomponents optionally communicate over one or more communication busesor signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of acontact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure(force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on thetouch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force orpressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of acontact has a range of values that includes at least four distinctvalues and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., atleast 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (ormeasured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinationsof sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath oradjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measureforce at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In someimplementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors arecombined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of acontact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally,used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitivesurface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on thetouch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of thetouch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto,and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to thecontact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute forthe force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Insome implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force orpressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity thresholdhas been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in unitscorresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations,the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are convertedto an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressureis used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded(e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in unitsof pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a userinput allows for user access to additional device functionality that mayotherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device withlimited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on atouch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via atouch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or aphysical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output”refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previousposition of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., atouch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component(e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relativeto a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user withthe user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the deviceor the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a userthat is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of auser's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacementwill be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding toa perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or thecomponent of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally,interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physicalactuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensationsuch as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement ofa physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surfacethat is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. Asanother example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally,interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitivesurface, even when there is no change in smoothness of thetouch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a userwill be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user,there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a largemajority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described ascorresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “upclick,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, thegenerated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of thedevice or a component thereof that will generate the described sensoryperception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of aportable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has moreor fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or morecomponents, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangementof the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A areimplemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware andsoftware, including one or more signal processing and/orapplication-specific integrated circuits.

Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory andoptionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or moremagnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or othernon-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller 122optionally controls access to memory 102 by other components of device100.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or moreprocessors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions fordevice 100 and to process data. In some embodiments, peripheralsinterface 118, CPU 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally,implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some otherembodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates withcommunications networks and other communications devices via theelectromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-knowncircuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited toan antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner,one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, asubscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RFcircuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as theInternet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranetand/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network(MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry 108optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near fieldcommunication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communicationradio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but notlimited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced DataGSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity(Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n,and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, aprotocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP)and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensiblemessaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol forInstant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), InstantMessaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service(SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, includingcommunication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of thisdocument.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audiointerface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receivesaudio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to anelectrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts theelectrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data toperipherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally,retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jackprovides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audioinput/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headsetwith both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input(e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, suchas touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripheralsinterface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159,haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input control devices116. The other input control devices 116 optionally include physicalbuttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, sliderswitches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternateembodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled to any (ornone) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and apointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG.2) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons optionally include apush button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock of touchscreen 112 or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on thetouch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by PerformingGestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No.7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Alonger press of the push button (e.g., 206) optionally turns power todevice 100 on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttonsare, optionally, user-customizable. Touch screen 112 is used toimplement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.

Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an outputinterface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receivesand/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionallyincludes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof(collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all ofthe visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects.

Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set ofsensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactilecontact. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with anyassociated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detectcontact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen112 and convert the detected contact into interaction withuser-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages,or images) that are displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplaryembodiment, a point of contact between touch screen 112 and the usercorresponds to a finger of the user.

Touch screen 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display)technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED(light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologiesare used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof usingany of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or laterdeveloped, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared,and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximitysensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points ofcontact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projectedmutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in theiPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 is,optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads describedin the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat.No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932(Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However,touch screen 112 displays visual output from device 100, whereastouch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 isdescribed in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2,2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “MultipointTouchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30,2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures ForTouch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User InterfacesFor Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On ATouch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A TouchScreen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen VirtualKeyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. Allof these applications are incorporated by reference herein in theirentirety.

Touch screen 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi.In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution ofapproximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touchscreen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, afinger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface isdesigned to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures,which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger areaof contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, thedevice translates the rough finger-based input into a precisepointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired bythe user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating ordeactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad isa touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, doesnot display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, atouch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch screen 112 or anextension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 162 optionally includes a power managementsystem, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current(AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a powerconverter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emittingdiode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller 158in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor 164 optionally includescharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor 164 receives light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts thelight to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module143 (also called a camera module), optical sensor 164 optionallycaptures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensoris located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112on the front of the device so that the touch screen display is enabledfor use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. Insome embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of thedevice so that the user's image is, optionally, obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conferenceparticipants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, theposition of optical sensor 164 can be changed by the user (e.g., byrotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a singleoptical sensor 164 is used along with the touch screen display for bothvideo conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensitysensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled tointensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensitysensor 165 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges,capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric forcesensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, orother intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (orpressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensitysensor 165 receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressureinformation or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment.In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocatedwith, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitivedisplay system 112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensitysensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screendisplay 112, which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is, optionally, coupled to inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Proximity sensor 166 optionallyperforms as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839,“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “ProximityDetector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient LightSensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862,“Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In PortableDevices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For AutomaticConfiguration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensorturns off and disables touch screen 112 when the multifunction device isplaced near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled tohaptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. Tactile outputgenerator 167 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devicessuch as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanicaldevices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor,solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostaticactuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., acomponent that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on thedevice). Contact intensity sensor 165 receives tactile feedbackgeneration instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generatestactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a userof device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile outputgenerator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates atactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g.,in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth inthe same plane as a surface of device 100). In some embodiments, atleast one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back ofdevice 100, opposite touch screen display 112, which is located on thefront of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168. FIG.1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, accelerometer 168 is, optionally, coupled to an inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Accelerometer 168 optionallyperforms as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059,“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable ElectronicDevices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods AndApparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,”both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Insome embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen displayin a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of datareceived from the one or more accelerometers. Device 100 optionallyincludes, in addition to accelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (notshown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver(not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location andorientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102include operating system 126, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130,graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or setof instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set ofinstructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136.Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3)stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3.Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of: activeapplication state, indicating which applications, if any, are currentlyactive; display state, indicating what applications, views or otherinformation occupy various regions of touch screen display 112; sensorstate, including information obtained from the device's various sensorsand input control devices 116; and location information concerning thedevice's location and/or attitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includesvarious software components and/or drivers for controlling and managinggeneral system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control,power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between varioushardware and software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devicesover one or more external ports 124 and also includes various softwarecomponents for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/orexternal port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices orindirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). Insome embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin)connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and othertouch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel).Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components forperforming various operations related to detection of contact, such asdetermining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-downevent), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force orpressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of thecontact), determining if there is movement of the contact and trackingthe movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one ormore finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased(e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact).Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitivesurface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which isrepresented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determiningspeed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or anacceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point ofcontact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts(e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g.,“multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments,contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on atouchpad.

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or moreintensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has beenperformed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” onan icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensitythresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g.,the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholdsof particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changingthe physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click”threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of alarge range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpador touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations,a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjustingone or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjustingindividual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality ofintensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity”parameter).

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user.Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contactpatterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities ofdetected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected bydetecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a fingertap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detectinga finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially thesame position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of anicon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on thetouch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followedby detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequentlyfollowed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components forrendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display,including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness,transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) ofgraphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics”includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, withoutlimitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objectsincluding soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representinggraphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned acorresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applicationsetc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with,if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and thengenerates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components forgenerating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 toproduce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 inresponse to user interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphicsmodule 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in variousapplications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, andany other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 foruse in location-based dialing; to camera 143 as picture/video metadata;and to applications that provide location-based services such as weatherwidgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets ofinstructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact        list);    -   Telephone module 138;    -   Video conference module 139;    -   E-mail client module 140;    -   Instant messaging (IM) module 141;    -   Workout support module 142;    -   Camera module 143 for still and/or video images;    -   Image management module 144;    -   Video player module;    -   Music player module;    -   Browser module 147;    -   Calendar module 148;    -   Widget modules 149, which optionally include one or more of:        weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget        149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and        other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created        widgets 149-6;    -   Widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;    -   Search module 151;    -   Video and music player module 152, which merges video player        module and music player module;    -   Notes module 153;    -   Map module 154; and/or    -   Online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory 102 include other word processing applications, other imageediting applications, drawing applications, presentation applications,JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voicerecognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, contacts module 137 are, optionally, used to manage an address bookor contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 ofcontacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: addingname(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book;associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physicaladdress(es) or other information with a name; associating an image witha name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers ore-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications bytelephone 138, video conference module 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; andso forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motionmodule 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephonemodule 138 are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characterscorresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephonenumbers in contacts module 137, modify a telephone number that has beenentered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, anddisconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As notedabove, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols, and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130, graphicsmodule 132, text input module 134, contacts module 137, and telephonemodule 138, video conference module 139 includes executable instructionsto initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a userand one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executableinstructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response touser instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144,e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mailswith still or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executableinstructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to aninstant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit arespective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service(SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-basedinstant messages or using XIVIPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-basedinstant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view receivedinstant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or receivedinstant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, videofiles and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or anEnhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging”refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMSor MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP,SIMPLE, or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music playermodule, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions tocreate workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burninggoals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receiveworkout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; selectand play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workoutdata.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, opticalsensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130,graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143includes executable instructions to capture still images or video(including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modifycharacteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image orvideo from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134,and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executableinstructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate,label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), andstore still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions tobrowse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, includingsearching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portionsthereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147,calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display,modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g.,calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 aremini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user(e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or createdby the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, awidget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In someembodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) fileand a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning auser-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search fortext, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 thatmatch one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specifiedsearch terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110,speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and musicplayer module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the userto download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored inone or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executableinstructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g.,on touch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via externalport 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes thefunctionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of AppleInc.).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create andmanage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps anddata associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores andother points of interest at or near a particular location, and otherlocation-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110,speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail clientmodule 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includesinstructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., bystreaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or onan external, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mailwith a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage onlinevideos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments,instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, isused to send a link to a particular online video. Additional descriptionof the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20,2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “PortableMultifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for PlayingOnline Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules,and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined orotherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video playermodule is, optionally, combined with music player module into a singlemodule (e.g., video and music player module 152, FIG. 1A). In someembodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules anddata structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionallystores additional modules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of apredefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/ora touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons,dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through atouch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation betweenuser interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by theuser, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any userinterface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menubutton” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, themenu button is a physical push button or other physical input controldevice instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g., inoperating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., any ofthe aforementioned applications 137-151, 155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines theapplication 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to whichto deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes eventmonitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments,application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, whichindicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitivedisplay 112 when the application is active or executing. In someembodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, andapplication internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determineapplication views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additionalinformation, such as one or more of: resume information to be used whenapplication 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state informationthat indicates information being displayed or that is ready for displayby application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back toa prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue ofprevious actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., auser touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touchgesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receivesfrom I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166,accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/Osubsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or atouch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripheralsinterface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheralsinterface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripherals interface 118 transmits event information only when there isa significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predeterminednoise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit viewdetermination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determinationmodule 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures fordetermining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more viewswhen touch-sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views aremade up of controls and other elements that a user can see on thedisplay.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is aset of views, sometimes herein called application views or userinterface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-basedgestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) inwhich a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levelswithin a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example,the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally,called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as properinputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hitview of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related tosub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multipleviews organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which shouldhandle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowestlevel view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the firstsub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potentialevent). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determinationmodule 172, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related tothe same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hitview.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which viewor views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence ofsub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determinationmodule 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particularsequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizerdetermination module 173 determines that all views that include thephysical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, andtherefore determines that all actively involved views should receive aparticular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touchsub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with oneparticular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain asactively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an eventrecognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including activeevent recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined byactive event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the eventinformation, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver 182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet otherembodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part ofanother module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of eventhandlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of whichincludes instructions for handling touch events that occur within arespective view of the application's user interface. Each applicationview 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a pluralityof event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of eventrecognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interfacekit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, objectupdater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from eventsorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176, object updater 177, or GUI updater 178 to update the applicationinternal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 include one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in someembodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, andGUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g.,event data 179) from event sorter 170 and identifies an event from theevent information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 andevent comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 alsoincludes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event deliveryinstructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event deliveryinstructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. Theevent information includes information about a sub-event, for example, atouch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the eventinformation also includes additional information, such as location ofthe sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the eventinformation optionally also includes speed and direction of thesub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to alandscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event informationincludes corresponding information about the current orientation (alsocalled device attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined eventor sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines anevent or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event orsub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes eventdefinitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events(e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1(187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events inan event (187) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touchmovement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, thedefinition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) onthe displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touchend) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on thedisplayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touchend) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition forevent 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, forexample, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for apredetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitivedisplay 112, and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments,the event also includes information for one or more associated eventhandlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of anevent for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, eventcomparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interfaceobject is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an applicationview in which three user-interface objects are displayed ontouch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitivedisplay 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine whichof the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch(sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respectiveevent handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit testto determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example,event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with thesub-event and the object triggering the hit test.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event (187) alsoincludes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event informationuntil after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-eventsdoes or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series ofsub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, therespective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, eventfailed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequentsub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other eventrecognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue totrack and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate howthe event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to activelyinvolved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includesconfigurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how eventrecognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. Insome embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varyinglevels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates eventhandler 190 associated with an event when one or more particularsub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with theevent to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinctfrom sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated withthe recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flagcatches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-eventdelivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-eventwithout activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event deliveryinstructions deliver event information to event handlers associated withthe series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlersassociated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved viewsreceive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used inapplication 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephonenumber used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in videoplayer module. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates andupdates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of auser-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUIupdater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to dataupdater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In someembodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 orapplication view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two ormore software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding eventhandling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies toother forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 withinput devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. Forexample, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinatedwith single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movementssuch as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs;movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements;biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilizedas inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to berecognized.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touchscreen 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screenoptionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200.In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabledto select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on thegraphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scalein the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in thefigure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurswhen the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In someembodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one ormore swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward),and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upwardand/or downward) that has made contact with device 100. In someimplementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphicdoes not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweepsover an application icon optionally does not select the correspondingapplication when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as“home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is,optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set ofapplications that are, optionally, executed on device 100.Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as asoft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen 112.

In some embodiments, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking thedevice, volume adjustment button(s) 208, subscriber identity module(SIM) card slot 210, headset jack 212, and docking/charging externalport 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/offon the device by depressing the button and holding the button in thedepressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device bydepressing the button and releasing the button before the predefinedtime interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate anunlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also acceptsverbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 forgenerating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device(such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device(e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includesone or more processing units (CPUs) 310, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communicationbuses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) thatinterconnects and controls communications between system components.Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display340, which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface 330 alsooptionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generatingtactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile outputgenerator(s) 167 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359(e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contactintensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed randomaccess memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solidstate memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, suchas one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storagedevices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storagedevices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devicesremotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 storesprograms, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs,modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portablemultifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore,memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and datastructures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawingmodule 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, websitecreation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheetmodule 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG.1A) optionally does not store these modules.

Each of the above-identified elements in FIG. 3 is, optionally, storedin one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of theabove-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions forperforming a function described above. The above-identified modules orprograms (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented asseparate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus varioussubsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwiserearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identifiedabove. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules anddata structures not described above.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces thatare, optionally, implemented on, for example, portable multifunctiondevice 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implementedon device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes thefollowing elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 404;    -   Bluetooth indicator 405;    -   Battery status indicator 406;    -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:        -   Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which            optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed            calls or voicemail messages;        -   Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which            optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread            e-mails;        -   Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and        -   Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also            referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152,            labeled “iPod;” and    -   Icons for other applications, such as:        -   Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Messages;”        -   Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”        -   Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”        -   Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”        -   Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online            Video;”        -   Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”        -   Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Maps;”        -   Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”        -   Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;”        -   Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout            Support;”        -   Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and        -   Icon 446 for a settings application or module, labeled            “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device 100            and its various applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 4A aremerely exemplary. For example, icon 422 for video and music playermodule 152 is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are,optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, alabel for a respective application icon includes a name of anapplication corresponding to the respective application icon. In someembodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct froma name of an application corresponding to the particular applicationicon.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450 (e.g.,touch screen display 112). Device 300 also, optionally, includes one ormore contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 359) fordetecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 and/orone or more tactile output generators 357 for generating tactile outputsfor a user of device 300.

Although some of the examples that follow will be given with referenceto inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch-sensitive surfaceand the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detectsinputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display,as shown in FIG. 4B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) thatcorresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display(e.g., 450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detectscontacts (e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display(e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470).In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movementsthereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interfaceon the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the multifunction device whenthe touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should beunderstood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other userinterfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily withreference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures,finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in someembodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with inputfrom another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input).For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click(e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor alongthe path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). Asanother example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouseclick while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture(e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detectthe contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneouslydetected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are,optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are,optionally, used simultaneously.

FIG. 5A illustrates exemplary personal electronic device 500. Device 500includes body 502. In some embodiments, device 500 can include some orall of the features described with respect to devices 100 and 300 (e.g.,FIGS. 1A-4B). In some embodiments, device 500 has touch-sensitivedisplay screen 504, hereafter touch screen 504. Alternatively, or inaddition to touch screen 504, device 500 has a display and atouch-sensitive surface. As with devices 100 and 300, in someembodiments, touch screen 504 (or the touch-sensitive surface)optionally includes one or more intensity sensors for detectingintensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or moreintensity sensors of touch screen 504 (or the touch-sensitive surface)can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. Theuser interface of device 500 can respond to touches based on theirintensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invokedifferent user interface operations on device 500.

Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity arefound, for example, in related applications: International PatentApplication Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface ObjectsCorresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPOPublication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent ApplicationSerial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical UserInterface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No.WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more input mechanisms 506 and508. Input mechanisms 506 and 508, if included, can be physical.Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatablemechanisms. In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more attachmentmechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permitattachment of device 500 with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings,necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers,belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachmentmechanisms permit device 500 to be worn by a user.

FIG. 5B depicts exemplary personal electronic device 500. In someembodiments, device 500 can include some or all of the componentsdescribed with respect to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 3. Device 500 has bus 512that operatively couples I/O section 514 with one or more computerprocessors 516 and memory 518. I/O section 514 can be connected todisplay 504, which can have touch-sensitive component 522 and,optionally, intensity sensor 524 (e.g., contact intensity sensor). Inaddition, I/O section 514 can be connected with communication unit 530for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi,Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular, and/or otherwireless communication techniques. Device 500 can include inputmechanisms 506 and/or 508. Input mechanism 506 is, optionally, arotatable input device or a depressible and rotatable input device, forexample. Input mechanism 508 is, optionally, a button, in some examples.

Input mechanism 508 is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples.Personal electronic device 500 optionally includes various sensors, suchas GPS sensor 532, accelerometer 534, directional sensor 540 (e.g.,compass), gyroscope 536, motion sensor 538, and/or a combinationthereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section 514.

Memory 518 of personal electronic device 500 can include one or morenon-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storingcomputer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or morecomputer processors 516, for example, can cause the computer processorsto perform the techniques described below, including processes 700,1000, and 1300 (FIGS. 7, 10, and 13). Personal electronic device 500 isnot limited to the components and configuration of FIG. 5B, but caninclude other or additional components in multiple configurations.

As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactivegraphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on thedisplay screen of devices 100, 300, and/or 500 (FIGS. 1, 3, and 5). Forexample, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink)each optionally constitute an affordance.

As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input elementthat indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user isinteracting. In some implementations that include a cursor or otherlocation marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when aninput (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B)while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., abutton, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particularuser interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detectedinput. In some implementations that include a touch screen display(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or touch screen 112in FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elementson the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen actsas a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by thecontact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of aparticular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, orother user interface element), the particular user interface element isadjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations,focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region ofthe user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor ormovement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tabkey or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); inthese implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance withmovement of focus between different regions of the user interface.Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, thefocus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on atouch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as tocommunicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface(e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interfacewith which the user is intending to interact). For example, the locationof a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) overa respective button while a press input is detected on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicatethat the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposedto other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristicintensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact basedon one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. Thecharacteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number ofintensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during apredetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting thecontact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or afterdetecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an endof the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity ofthe contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity ofthe contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally,based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of thecontact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an averagevalue of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value ofthe intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of theintensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of theintensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, theduration of the contact is used in determining the characteristicintensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of theintensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensitythresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by auser. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholdsoptionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensitythreshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensitythat does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, acontact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensitythreshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results ina second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity thatexceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In someembodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and oneor more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one ormore operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation orforgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used todetermine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.

FIG. 5C illustrates detecting a plurality of contacts 552A-552E ontouch-sensitive display screen 504 with a plurality of intensity sensors524A-524D. FIG. 5C additionally includes intensity diagrams that showthe current intensity measurements of the intensity sensors 524A-524Drelative to units of intensity. In this example, the intensitymeasurements of intensity sensors 524A and 524D are each 9 units ofintensity, and the intensity measurements of intensity sensors 524B and524C are each 7 units of intensity. In some implementations, anaggregate intensity is the sum of the intensity measurements of theplurality of intensity sensors 524A-524D, which in this example is 32intensity units. In some embodiments, each contact is assigned arespective intensity that is a portion of the aggregate intensity. FIG.5D illustrates assigning the aggregate intensity to contacts 552A-552Ebased on their distance from the center of force 554. In this example,each of contacts 552A, 552B, and 552E are assigned an intensity ofcontact of 8 intensity units of the aggregate intensity, and each ofcontacts 552C and 552D are assigned an intensity of contact of 4intensity units of the aggregate intensity. More generally, in someimplementations, each contact j is assigned a respective intensity Ijthat is a portion of the aggregate intensity, A, in accordance with apredefined mathematical function, Ij=A·(Dj/ΣDi), where Dj is thedistance of the respective contact j to the center of force, and ΣDi isthe sum of the distances of all the respective contacts (e.g., i=1 tolast) to the center of force. The operations described with reference toFIGS. 5C-5D can be performed using an electronic device similar oridentical to device 100, 300, or 500. In some embodiments, acharacteristic intensity of a contact is based on one or moreintensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the intensity sensorsare used to determine a single characteristic intensity (e.g., a singlecharacteristic intensity of a single contact). It should be noted thatthe intensity diagrams are not part of a displayed user interface, butare included in FIGS. 5C-5D to aid the reader.

In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposesof determining a characteristic intensity. For example, atouch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contacttransitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, atwhich point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, thecharacteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is,optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, andnot the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipecontact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithmis, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior todetermining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example,the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: anunweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothingalgorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponentialsmoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithmseliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contactfor purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.

The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is,optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds,such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensitythreshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more otherintensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensitythreshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will performoperations typically associated with clicking a button of a physicalmouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensitythreshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will performoperations that are different from operations typically associated withclicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In someembodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensitybelow the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominalcontact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is nolonger detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordancewith movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface withoutperforming an operation associated with the light press intensitythreshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unlessotherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent betweendifferent sets of user interface figures.

An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensitybelow the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between thelight press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity thresholdis sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase ofcharacteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deeppress intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensitythreshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increaseof characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below thecontact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between thecontact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensitythreshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on thetouch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contactfrom an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to anintensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimesreferred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface.In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero.In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold isgreater than zero.

In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations areperformed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respectivepress input or in response to detecting the respective press inputperformed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), wherethe respective press input is detected based at least in part ondetecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality ofcontacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments,the respective operation is performed in response to detecting theincrease in intensity of the respective contact above the press-inputintensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective pressinput). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase inintensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensitythreshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact belowthe press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation isperformed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensityof the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “upstroke” of the respective press input).

FIGS. 5E-5H illustrate detection of a gesture that includes a pressinput that corresponds to an increase in intensity of a contact 562 froman intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “ITL”) inFIG. 5E, to an intensity above a deep press intensity threshold (e.g.,“ITD”) in FIG. 5H. The gesture performed with contact 562 is detected ontouch-sensitive surface 560 while cursor 576 is displayed overapplication icon 572B corresponding to App 2, on a displayed userinterface 570 that includes application icons 572A-572D displayed inpredefined region 574. In some embodiments, the gesture is detected ontouch-sensitive display 504. The intensity sensors detect the intensityof contacts on touch-sensitive surface 560. The device determines thatthe intensity of contact 562 peaked above the deep press intensitythreshold (e.g., “ITD”). Contact 562 is maintained on touch-sensitivesurface 560. In response to the detection of the gesture, and inaccordance with contact 562 having an intensity that goes above the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”) during the gesture,reduced-scale representations 578A-578C (e.g., thumbnails) of recentlyopened documents for App 2 are displayed, as shown in FIGS. 5F-5H. Insome embodiments, the intensity, which is compared to the one or moreintensity thresholds, is the characteristic intensity of a contact. Itshould be noted that the intensity diagram for contact 562 is not partof a displayed user interface, but is included in FIGS. 5E-5H to aid thereader.

In some embodiments, the display of representations 578A-578C includesan animation. For example, representation 578A is initially displayed inproximity of application icon 572B, as shown in FIG. 5F. As theanimation proceeds, representation 578A moves upward and representation578B is displayed in proximity of application icon 572B, as shown inFIG. 5G. Then, representations 578A moves upward, 578B moves upwardtoward representation 578A, and representation 578C is displayed inproximity of application icon 572B, as shown in FIG. 5H. Representations578A-578C form an array above icon 572B. In some embodiments, theanimation progresses in accordance with an intensity of contact 562, asshown in FIGS. 5F-5G, where the representations 578A-578C appear andmove upwards as the intensity of contact 562 increases toward the deeppress intensity threshold (e.g., “ITD”). In some embodiments, theintensity, on which the progress of the animation is based, is thecharacteristic intensity of the contact. The operations described withreference to FIGS. 5E-5H can be performed using an electronic devicesimilar or identical to device 100, 300, or 500.

In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoidaccidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines orselects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationshipto the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensitythreshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensitythreshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or somereasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, insome embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity ofthe respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresisintensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensitythreshold, and the respective operation is performed in response todetecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contactbelow the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of therespective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press inputis detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of thecontact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity thresholdto an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and,optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to anintensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respectiveoperation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g.,the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity ofthe contact, depending on the circumstances).

For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed inresponse to a press input associated with a press-input intensitythreshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are,optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase inintensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, anincrease in intensity of a contact from an intensity below thehysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-inputintensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below thepress-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of thecontact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to thepress-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where anoperation is described as being performed in response to detecting adecrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensitythreshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response todetecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresisintensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-inputintensity threshold.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UP”)and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device,such as portable multifunction device 100, device 300, or device 500.

FIGS. 6A-6J illustrate exemplary user interfaces for communicating userstatus information for a message, in accordance with some embodiments.The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate theprocesses described below, including the processes in FIGS. 7A-7B.

FIG. 6A depicts device 600, which in some examples is a specific formfactor for device 100, device 300, or device 500 described above. Device600 includes display 601, which in some embodiments is a touch-sensitivedisplay, and image sensor 602. Additionally, in some embodiments ofdevice 600, additional sensors (e.g., depth sensors, IR sensors, etc.)and/or other components (e.g., flash or IR emitter) are present alongwith image sensors 602.

In FIG. 6A, device 600 displays, on display 601, messaging interface 603for communicating with the device of a contact named “Joe.” Messaginginterface 603 includes back button 604, username 605, user picture 606,and contact information button 607. In response to the user selectingback button 604, by, for example, touching back button 604 on display601, messaging interface 603 returns to a main messaging screen whererecent messages are displayed and/or other contacts are selected forcommunicating with. User name 605 and user picture 606 indicate theother user that messaging interface 603 is configured to communicatewith. User picture 606 is, for example, an avatar (e.g., emoji or othergraphical representation such as a non-photorealistic graphicalrepresentation) for the other user, a picture of the other user, or someother image associated with the other contact. In response to the userselecting contact information button 607, options, settings, and otheractions associated with the other user are accessible. In some examples,the contact information button 607 causes device 600 to open a userinterface page that allows the user to initiate communicate with theother user using other channels of communication, allows the user tosend certain types of information (e.g., a current location) to theother user, allows the user to change communications settings for theother user, and/or allows the user to review information related toprevious communications with the other user.

Messaging interface 603 includes message area 608, which is empty inFIG. 6A, and message entry area 609. Message entry area includes photobutton 610, drawing button 611, sticker/emoji button 612, text entryfield 613, and voice recognition button 614. Photo button 610 allows theuser to either select an existing picture/video or capture a newpicture/video to include in a message to the other user. Drawing button611 allows the user to create a sketch to include in a message to theother user. Sticker/emoji button 612 allows a user to select stickersand/or emojis to include in a message to the other user. Text entryfield 613 allows a user to enter text that will be included in a messageto the other user. In FIG. 6A, text entry field 613 includes the word“iMessage,” which indicates the type of textual message that will besent to the other user. Voice recognition button 614 allows a user toenter text for text entry field 613 by speaking into device 600 insteadof manually entering the text.

As depicted in FIG. 6B, in response to user input selecting text entryfield 613, such as touch 615 in FIG. 6A, keyboard 616 is displayed ondisplay 601. Additionally, text entry field 613 is moved up the displayand expanded by hiding photo button 610, drawing button 611, andsticker/emoji button 612 of FIG. 6A. These buttons are redisplayed ifthe user selects expand button 617. Additionally, in some examples, acursor (not shown) is displayed inside of text entry field 613.

As depicted in FIG. 6C, in response to selection of letters on keyboard616 (e.g., via touches on keyboard 616, such as touches 618 and 619 inFIG. 6B on the letters “H” and “I,” respectively), text entry field 613is updated to include the selected letters. Additionally, voicerecognition button 614 (FIG. 6B) is replaced with send button 620, whichsends the currently entered message, including entered text and otherdata such as image data, to the other user.

FIG. 6D depicts messaging interface 603 after additional text entry viaadditional touches on keyboard 616. Text entry field 613 includes theadditional entered text.

Once the user is done entering text in text entry field 613, the userindicates that the message is ready to be sent by, for example,selecting send button 620 via touch 621 on display 601. In response,device 600 prepares the message that includes, in the example of FIG.6D, the text in text entry field 613. Once the message is ready to send,device 600 sends the message to the other user (the other user named“Joe” in the case of the example of FIGS. 6A-6F). Either as part of themessage or as a separate data transmission, device 600 also sends statusdata of the user of device 600 to the other user (e.g., status dataassociated with a user account currently associated with device 600). Insome embodiments, the status data of the user represents a physicalstate (e.g., tired, sick, hot, cold, bored) or an emotional state (e.g.,happy, sad, worried, angry).

The status data can be obtained from any number of sources. In oneexample, the status data is obtained by presenting the user with a listof statuses and allowing the user to select one of the statuses thatrepresents the user or the content of the message that the user issending. In other words, after the user has selected send button 620,device 600 prompts the user with a list of statuses that the user canchose to associate and send with the message having content thatincludes the text of text entry field 613. In another example, to obtainstatus data, device 600 is configured to determine automatically astatus data for the user. Device 600 (e.g., via the messagingapplication) determines status data, in some examples, based on thecontent of the message, based on image data of the user using one ormore image sensors (e.g., image sensor 602 of FIG. 6A), and/or based onother contextual information (e.g., calendar entries, weather, time ofday/year, location, etc.) that is available to device 600. Device 600can use the data from image sensor 602 or other sensors, such asbiometric sensors, to perform facial recognition to identify a facialexpression or obtain physiological data (e.g., heart rate ortemperature) for determining a user status. In some examples, the userstatus is personal to the user and not associated with objects (e.g.,electronic devices) related to the user. Once the user status data isdetermined, the user status data is associated with the message and sentto the other user either with the message (e.g., as part of the message)or separately from the message (e.g., before, after, or concurrentlywith sending the message).

As depicted in FIG. 6E, after sending the message to the other user, themessage content, including the text of text entry field 613, isdisplayed in message area 608 in displayed in text box 622. Text box622, optionally, also includes other, non-textual content of the message(e.g., images, animations, video, etc.). In addition to displaying textbox 622, avatar 623 is also displayed adjacent to text box 622 (e.g.,the message is coming from the avatar's mouth). In some embodiments,avatar 623 is generated based on a previously defined (e.g., baseline)avatar or avatar model (e.g., a wire, mesh, or structural model) thatrepresents the user of device 600. Additionally, avatar 623 is based onthe user status data that is associated with the message in text box622. For example, the user status data for the message in text box 622was sympathetic. The messaging application determined that a smilingavatar is most appropriate for this status data. Accordingly, avatar 623was generated to show a smile and a warm expression. In some examples,the generated avatar can include accessories (e.g., an umbrella in rain,sunglasses when on the beach, a costume on Halloween, or gift whenwishing someone a happy birthday). In some examples, the generatedavatar is an animated avatar.

FIG. 6F depicts messaging interface 603 after a message and associatedstatus data was received from the other user named “Joe” (e.g., receivedfrom an electronic device associated with the other user “Joe”). Thecontent of the message is displayed in text box 624 in message area 608.Additionally, an associated avatar 625 is displayed adjacent text box624. Like avatar 623, avatar 625 is based on a previously defined avataror avatar model, except the predefined (e.g., baseline) avatar or avatarmodel is for “Joe,” instead of the user of device 600. The previouslydefined avatar or avatar model is, optionally, set by the user of device600 or is provided by the other user or by a remote server. Device 600,optionally, stores the previously defined avatar or avatar model locallyor it retrieves the previously defined avatar or avatar model as needed.When device 600 receives a message from another user, such as Joe, themessage application on device 600 loads the previously defined avatar oravatar model and modifies it or uses it to generate an avatar based onthe user status data associated with the received message. Similar tothe sending of user status data described above, the user status datafor a message received from another user can be received as part of themessage or separately from the message (e.g., before, after, orconcurrently with the message).

The user status data for the other user, optionally, is determined in asimilar manner as described above with respect to the user except thatthe other user's device (e.g., “Joe's” device) does the determination.For the message associated with text box 624, the other user's devicedetermined that the user status was agreeable and thankful.

Similar to avatar 623, avatar 625 is based on the user status data. Inthe case of avatar 625, the messaging application generated avatar 625based on the agreeable and thankful user status data to include a smileand a thumbs-up. Additionally, avatar 625 is an animated avatar (thearrow represents animated shaking of the avatar thumb).

In some embodiments, avatar 625 is optionally saved on device 600 andassociated with the other user. For example, user picture 606 isreplaced with avatar 625 or subsequently generated avatars for thecontact. Whenever the other user's information is displayed (e.g., inother applications or in a contact list), the avatar that represents themost recently received user status data for the other user is displayed.

FIG. 6G depicts messaging interface 603 after the user of device 600 hasentered and sent another message to the other user named “Joe.” Thecontent of the message is displayed in text box 626 in message area 608.Additionally, avatar 627 is displayed adjacent to text box 626 and isgenerated based on user status data for the user when the messageassociated with text box 626 was sent. In this case, device 600 (e.g.,as programed by the messaging application) determined that the userstatus was sad. Based on this status, avatar 627 was generated to have asad expression as compared to avatar 623 (e.g., the eyes, eyebrows, andmouth were all changed to reflect a sad expression). Although avatar 627reflects new user status data as compared to avatar 623, avatar 623remains unchanged. In other words, avatar 623 stays the same despitedevice 600 receiving updated user status data. In such embodiments, theunchanged status of avatar 623 may function as a historical record ofthe user's status, even as status data is subsequently updated.

In some embodiments, avatars 623 and 627 can be updated based on a newbaseline avatar or avatar model. For example, if the user of device 600shaves his beard and updates his baseline avatar or avatar modelaccordingly, avatars 623 and 627 are updated to remove the beard, butthe expressions and other features based on the user status data remain(although they can be modified based on the new baseline avatar oravatar model). In some embodiments, previously generate avatars, such asavatars 623 and 627, are not updated even when the baseline avatar oravatar model is updated.

FIG. 6G depicts messaging interface 603 after the user of device 600 hasreceived another message from the other user named “Joe.” The content ofthe message is displayed in text box 628 in message area 608.Additionally, avatar 629 is displayed adjacent to text box 628 and isgenerated based on user status data for the other user that was receivedand associated with the message represented in text box 628. Based onuser status data indicating that the other user was apologetic, avatar629 was generated to have a concerned expression. Although avatar 629reflects new user status data for the other user as compared to avatar625, avatar 625 remains unchanged. As shown in FIG. 6G, avatar 625 staysthe same despite device 600 receiving updated user status data. In thismanner, it is easy to determine the state of a user when they set aparticular message. This results in a more efficient interface thatallows a user to search for and comprehend messages faster.

In some embodiments, avatars 625 and 629 can be updated based on a newbaseline avatar or avatar model. For example, if the other user startswearing glasses and updates his baseline avatar or avatar modelaccordingly and the other user sends out a new baseline avatar or avatarmodels and avatars 625 and 629 are updated to add glasses, but theexpressions and other features based on the user status data remain(although they can be modified based on the new baseline avatar oravatar model). In some embodiments, previously generate avatars, such asavatars 625 and 629, are not updated even when the baseline avatar oravatar model for the other user is updated.

FIG. 6I depicts message application interface 630 that includes editbutton 631, title 632, compose button 633, and affordances 634-636.Interface 630 is optionally displayed in response to selection of backbutton 604 in FIG. 6H. Selection of edit button 631 of interface 630allows a user to select particular contact affordances and perform anoperation (e.g., deletion) on contact information associated with theselected affordances. Title 632 provides the name of the messageapplication. Selection of compose button 633 allows a user to create anew message and select recipients for the message.

Affordances 634-636 display contact information for different remoteusers. In this example, each affordance includes contact information,such as a user name, a summary of the most recent communication with theother user, a graphical element associated with the other user, and thetime of the most recent communication. In some embodiments, thegraphical element is the most recently generated avatar for the otheruser. For example, affordance 634 for “Joe Smith” includes avatar 629,which was the most recently generated avatar for “Joe Smith” based onthe user status received with the message associated with text box 629of FIG. 6H. This avatar is optionally updated with subsequentlygenerated avatars that are based on subsequently received user statusdata so that the contact list in interface 630 always includes an avatarreflecting the most up-to-date status of the other user.

Selection of one of the affordance returns the display of messaginginterface 603. For example, selection of contact affordance 634 willreturn the display of messaging interface 603 as depicted in FIG. 6H.

Affordance 635 does not have an associated avatar. Instead monogram 637is displayed in place of displaying an avatar.

FIG. 6J depicts messaging interface 603 for the other user “Joe” after anew baseline avatar or avatar model is received for “Joe.” In thisexample, Joe has grown a mustache and updated his avatar accordingly. Inresponse to receiving the new baseline avatar or avatar model, device600, for example via the messaging program, has updated avatars 625 and629 with avatars 638 and 639 to reflect Joe's new mustache. Avatars 628and 629 continue to be based on the user status data received with thecorresponding messages. In the example shown in FIG. 6J, this means thatthe facial expressions remain the same.

FIGS. 7A-7B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for an enhancedmessaging interface using an electronic device in accordance with someembodiments. Method 700 is performed at a device (e.g., 100, 300, 500)with a display. Some operations in method 700 are, optionally, combined,the order of some operations are, optionally, changed, and someoperations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 700 provides an intuitive way forcommunicating user status information for a message. The method reducesthe cognitive burden on a user for communicating status information,thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to comprehend andrespond to messages faster and more efficiently conserves power andincreases the time between battery charges.

An electronic device (e.g., device 600 of FIGS. 6A-6J) with a display(e.g., display 601 of device 600), is associated a first user (e.g., theowner or user of device 600). The electronic device receives (702) afirst message (e.g., message associated with text box 624 of FIGS.6F-6J) (e.g., a SMS message, a MMS message, an iMessage, or other typeof message) from a second user (e.g., the other user having user name605 and user picture 606 of FIG. 6A). The first message includes firstcontent (e.g., content in text box 624 of FIGS. 6F-6H). In accordancewith some embodiments, the second user is associated with a sourceelectronic device that sends the first message and the second message.

The electronic device receives (704) first status data (e.g., anemotional or physical state or other state associated with or personalto the other user) for the second user. The first status data isassociated with the first message and separate from the first content(e.g., the first status data is transmitted as a part of the messagethat is separate from the content or is sent separately from the messagebut in a manner that allows identification of the status data as beingfor a message). The status data can be obtained from any number ofsources. In some embodiments, the status data is obtained by presentingthe user with a list of statuses and allowing the user to select one ofthe statuses that represents the user or the content of the message thatthe user is sending. In some embodiments, to obtain status data, theelectronic device is configured to determine automatically a status datafor the user based on, for example, image data of the user using one ormore image sensors (e.g., image sensor 602 of FIG. 6A), and/or based onother contextual information (e.g., calendar entries, weather, time ofday/year, location, etc.) that is available to the electronic device.Optionally, data from image sensor 602 or other sensors, such asbiometric, are used to perform facial recognition to identify a facialexpression or obtain physiological data (e.g., heart rate ortemperature) for determining a user status. In some embodiments, theuser status is personal to the user and not associated with objects(e.g., electronic devices) related to the user. Once the user statusdata is determined, the user status data is associated with the messageand sent to the other user either with the message (e.g., as part of themessage) or separately from the message (e.g., before, after, orconcurrently with sending the message).

The display of the electronic device displays (706) the first message,including the first content (e.g., content in text box 624), and a firstavatar (e.g., avatar 624 of FIGS. 6F-6H) (e.g., emoji or other graphicalrepresentations). The first avatar is based on the first status data andthe displayed first avatar is adjacent to the displayed first message(e.g., the message is coming from the avatar's mouth).

After displaying the first message and the first avatar, the electronicdevice receives (708) a second message (e.g., another SMS message, MMSmessage, iMessage, or other type of message) from the second user,wherein the second message includes second content (e.g., context intext box 629 of FIG. 6H).

The electronic device receives (710) second status data (e.g., emotionalor physical state) for the sender, wherein the second status isassociated with the second message and separate from the second content.In some embodiments, the second status data is generated and sent in asimilar manner as the first status data.

While maintaining the display of the first message and the first avatar,the display of the electronic device displays (712) the second message,including the second content (e.g., text box 629 of FIG. 6H), and asecond avatar (e.g., avatar 629 of FIG. 6H) (e.g., emoji or othergraphical representations), wherein the displayed second avatar isadjacent to the displayed second message (e.g., the message is comingfrom the avatar's mouth), the second avatar is based on the secondstatus data, and the first avatar and the second avatar are different.By including different avatars based on different user statuses fordifferent messages, the operability of the electronic device is enhancedby increasing the amount of information presented on the display. Forexample, users can quickly scan messages and determine some contextassociated with the messages based on the avatars without having to readthe text content of the message. This improved operability of theelectronic device makes it more efficient, reduces power usage, andimproves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use thedevice more quickly and efficiently. For example, the different avatarsfor different messages can help when a user is trying to find aparticular message that the user knows to be associated with aparticular status (e.g., a sad message, in some instances, will have asad avatar). Additionally, when a message can be interpreted to havemultiple meanings, a message-specific avatar may help the readeraccurately interpret the meaning of the message.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device displays(720) contact information (e.g., FIG. 6I) (e.g., phone number, emailaddress, user names, recent communications, etc.) for a set of usersthat includes contact information for the second user (e.g., informationin affordance 633 of FIG. 6J), wherein the second avatar (e.g., avatar629) is displayed with the contact information for the second user. Insome embodiments, upon detection of a change in status of the seconduser, the second avatar is replaced with a third avatar for the seconduser. By updating the avatar of the second user as new avatars arereceived, the user of the electronic device also has access to theavatar that represents the most recent status of the second user. Thisprovides for a more efficient interface by eliminating the need for theuser of the electronic device to review old messages to determine thesecond user's status during the last communication. Thus, the user isrequired to make fewer interactions with the electronic device toretrieved desired information, which makes the electronic device moreefficient, reduces power usage, and improves battery life of the deviceby enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the electronic device stores a first association ofthe first avatar or first status data with contact information for thesecond user (e.g., linking the first avatar or first status data withcontact information in a database or as part of the contact information)and stores a second association of the second avatar or second statusdata with contact information for the second user (e.g., linking thefirst avatar or first status data with contact information in a databaseor as part of the contact information).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receives afirst avatar model (e.g., a wire mesh, parameterized model) for thesecond user, generates the first avatar (e.g., 625) based on the firstavatar model and first status data (e.g., an avatar that looks like thesecond user with a first expression such as a smile), and generates thesecond avatar (e.g., 629) based on the first avatar model and the secondstatus data. (e.g., an avatar that looks like the second user with asecond expression such as a frown). In accordance with some embodiments,the electronic device maps the first status data on to a predefinedavatar model (e.g., a preexisting avatar on the electronic device) tocreate the first avatar (e.g., 625). By using an avatar model, theelectronic device can more efficiently generate the second user avatarsbased on the received status data because a baseline avatar need not bereceived or generated each time a new avatar is generated. Thus, theelectronic device is more efficient, uses less power, and has longerbattery life by limiting the processing power necessary to generate theavatars.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receives(722) a second avatar model (e.g., a wire mesh, parameterized model) forthe second user and generates (724) an updated first avatar (e.g., 637)based on the second avatar model and first status data. The electronicdevice generates (726) an updated second avatar (e.g., 638) based on thesecond avatar model and the second status data. The electronic devicealso displays (728) the updated first avatar instead of the first avatarwith the first message including the first content (e.g., FIG. 6J)(e.g., updating the displayed avatars while leaving the message contentand the contextual information related to the avatar unchanged). Inaccordance with some embodiments, the first avatar (e.g., 625) andsecond avatar (629) represent the physical appearance of the second user(e.g., the avatars are reflective of the second user's appearance). Byallowing for the updating of the baseline avatar for the second user,the messaging interface ensures that the avatars always reflect thesecond user's current avatar. This provides for a more efficientinterface by eliminating the need for the user of the electronic deviceto recognize multiple different baseline avatars being associated withthe second user. Thus, the user can more quickly and efficientlyinteract with the electronic device, which makes the electronic devicemore efficient, reduces power usage, and improves battery life of thedevice.

In accordance with some embodiments, the first status data is based on(716) a first biometric characteristic (e.g., depth information, facialrecognition, heart rate, etc.) of the second user. In accordance withsome embodiments, the first status data is based on an optical image ora depth image of the sender. In accordance with some embodiments, thefirst status data is based on (714) a detected expression (e.g., basedon a facial map (e.g., description of various facial features)) of thesecond user at the time the second user composed and/or sent the firstmessage. In accordance with some embodiments, the second status data isbased on (718) a detected expression (e.g., based on a facial map (e.g.,description of various facial features)) of the second user at the timethe second user composed and/or sent the second message. By usingbiometric characteristics or image data of the second user to generatethe first status data, the messaging interface is enhanced by minimizingthe burden on the second user to determine and/or enter status data.Additionally, using biometric characteristics may provide for a moregranular and/or accurate status for the second user as compared to othermethods. Thus, the electronic device provides for an improvedman-machine interface, which makes the electronic device more efficient,reduces power usage, and improves battery life.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device selects(e.g., choosing a predefined avatar or generating a new avatar) one ormore characteristics (e.g., eyes, mouth, and eyebrows for a sadexpression of avatars 629 or 638) (e.g., an expression or accessory) forthe first avatar based on the first status data. In accordance with someembodiments, the electronic device selects (e.g., chooses an existingavatar or generating a new avatar) one or more characteristics for thesecond avatar based on the second status data, wherein the second statusdata is based on a second biometric characteristic (e.g., depthinformation, facial recognition, heart rate, etc.). In accordance withsome embodiments, the first status data represents an emotion (e.g.,happy, sad, smiling, etc.) of the second user. By selectingcharacteristics for an avatar instead of selecting an entire avatar, theelectronic device more efficiently generates new avatars based on thestatus by only modifying the subset of characteristics that are relevantto a particular status. Thus, the electronic device is more efficient,uses less power, and has longer battery life by limiting the processingpower necessary to generate the avatars.

In accordance with some embodiments, the first avatar is an animatedavatar (e.g., 629 or 638) (e.g., a Quicktime-based avatar, a GIF Avatar,etc. based on a series of recorded expressions). By using an animatedavatar, the range and granularity of statuses that of the first avatarcan represent is increased, thereby making for a more efficient firstavatar and messaging interface.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receives,from the first user and on the electronic device, third content (e.g.,content in text box 626 of FIGS. 6G and 6H) for a third message (e.g., amessage 626 replying the second user's first message 624). Theelectronic device generates third status data for the first user andassociates the third status data with the third message (e.g., sendingthem together or cross-referencing the message and the status data). Theelectronic device sends the third message to the second user sending thethird status data to the second user. In accordance with someembodiments, the electronic device concurrently displays on the displaythe third message including the third content (e.g., content in text box626 of FIGS. 6G and 6H) and a third avatar (e.g., avatar 627 of FIGS. 6Gand 6H). The third avatar is based on the third status data, and thethird message and third avatar are displayed concurrently with thesecond message and second avatar. By including different avatars basedon different user statuses for different messages, the operability ofthe electronic device is enhanced by increasing the amount ofinformation presented on the display. For example, users can quicklyscan messages and determine some context associated with the messagesbased on the avatars without having to read the text content of themessage. This improved operability of the electronic device makes itmore efficient, reduces power usage, and improves battery life of thedevice by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently. For example, the different avatars for different messagescan help when a user is trying to find a particular message that theuser knows to be associated with a particular status (e.g., a sadmessage, in some instances, will have a sad avatar). Additionally, whena message can be interpreted to have multiple meanings, amessage-specific avatar may help the reader accurate interpret themeaning of the message.

In accordance with some embodiments, displaying the first message andthe first avatar (e.g., 625) includes displaying the first message as atext bubble (e.g., 624) coming from a mouth of the first avatar.Displaying the first message coming from a mouth of the first avatarenables the association between the first avatar and the first messageto be clear, even with minimal review of the messaging interface.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 8 shows an exemplaryfunctional block diagram of an electronic device 800 configured inaccordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. Inaccordance with some embodiments, the functional blocks of electronicdevice 800 are configured to perform the techniques described above. Thefunctional blocks of the device 800 are, optionally, implemented byhardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carryout the principles of the various described examples. It is understoodby persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 8 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks toimplement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore,the description herein optionally supports any possible combination orseparation or further definition of the functional blocks describedherein.

As shown in FIG. 8, an electronic device 800 includes a display unit 802and a processing unit 804 coupled to the display unit 802. In someembodiments, the processing unit 804 includes a receiving unit 806, adisplay enabling unit 808, generating unit 810, selecting unit 812,mapping unit 814, associating unit 816, and sending unit 818.

The processing unit 804 is configured to: receive (e.g., using receivingunit 806) a first message from a second user, wherein the first messageincludes first content; receive (e.g., using receiving unit 806) firststatus data for the second user, wherein the first status data isassociated with the first message and separate from the first content;enable display (e.g., using display enabling unit 808) concurrently, onthe display, the first message, including the first content, and a firstavatar, wherein the first avatar is based on the first status data andthe displayed first avatar is adjacent to the displayed first message;after displaying the first message and the first avatar, receive (e.g.,using receiving unit 806) a second message from the second user, whereinthe second message includes second content; receive (e.g., usingreceiving unit 806) second status data for the second user, wherein thesecond status is associated with the second message and separate fromthe second content; and while maintaining the display of the firstmessage and the first avatar, display (e.g., using display enabling unit808), on the display, the second message, including the second content,and a second avatar, wherein the displayed second avatar is adjacent tothe displayed second message, the second avatar is based on the secondstatus data, and the first avatar and the second avatar are different.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured todisplay (e.g., using display enabling unit 808) contact information fora set of users that includes contact information for the second user,wherein the second avatar is displayed with the contact information forthe second user.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured to:receive (e.g., using receiving unit 806) a first avatar model for thesecond user; and generate (e.g., using generating unit 810) the firstavatar based on the first avatar model and first status data; andgenerating the second avatar based on the first avatar model and thesecond status data.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured to:receive (e.g., using receiving unit 806) a second avatar model for thesecond user; generate (e.g., using generating unit 810) an updated firstavatar based on the second avatar model and first status data; generate(e.g., using generating unit 810) an updated second avatar based on thesecond avatar model and the second status data; and display (e.g., usingdisplay enabling unit 808) the updated first avatar instead of the firstavatar with the first message including the first content.

In some embodiments, the first status data is based on a first biometriccharacteristic of the second user.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured toselect (e.g., using selectin unit 812) one or more characteristics forthe first avatar based on the first status data.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured toselect (e.g., using selecting unit 812) one or more characteristics forthe second avatar based on the second status data, wherein the secondstatus data is based on a second biometric characteristic.

In some embodiments the first avatar is an animated avatar.

In some embodiments the first status data is based on an optical imageor a depth image of the second user.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured tomap (e.g., using mapping unit 814) the first status data on to apredefined avatar model to create the first avatar.

In some embodiments the first status data represents an emotion of thesecond user.

In some embodiments the first status data is based on a detectedexpression of the second user at the time the second user composedand/or sent the first message.

In some embodiments the second status data is based on a detectedexpression of the second user at the time the second user composedand/or sent the second message.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured to:receive (e.g., using receiving unit 806), from the first user and on theelectronic device, third content for a third message; generate (e.g.,using generating unit 810) third status data for the first user;associate (e.g., using associating unit 816) the third status data withthe third message; send (e.g., using sending unit 818) the third messageto the second user; and send (e.g., using sending unit 818) the thirdstatus data to the second user.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 804 is further configured toconcurrently display (e.g., using display enabling unit 808) the thirdmessage including the third content and a third avatar, wherein thethird avatar is based on the third status data, and the third messageand third avatar are displayed concurrently with the second message andsecond avatar.

In some embodiments the first avatar and second avatar represent thephysical appearance of the second user.

In some embodiments display of the first message and the first avatarincludes displaying the first message as a text bubble coming from amouth of the first avatar.

In some embodiments the second user is associated with a sourceelectronic device that sends the first message and the second message.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 7A 7B have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 1000, 1300, 1700, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 700 described above withrespect to FIGS. 7A-7B. For example, the messages and content describedabove with reference to method 700 can, in some cases, be operated onwith the operations described (e.g., applying enhanced security,executing functions specified in voice commands, confirming actions)herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., methods1700, 1900, 2100, 2300). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 7A-7B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, receiving first status data andsecond status are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive surface 604, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respectivepredefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of theevent or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls dataupdater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internalstate 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respectiveGUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in theart how other processes can be implemented based on the componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIGS. 9A-9K illustrate exemplary user interfaces for capturing data forbuilding 3D models, in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes in FIGS. 10A-10B.

FIG. 9A depicts device 900, which in some examples is a specific formfactor for device 100, device 300, or device 500 described above. Device900 includes display 901, which in some examples is a touch-sensitivedisplay, and image sensor 902. Additionally, in some embodiments ofdevice 900, additional sensors (e.g., depth sensors, IR sensors, etc.)and/or other components (e.g., flash or IR emitter) are present alongwith image sensor 902.

In FIG. 9A, display 901 is displaying a scanning interface 903 of ascanning program, which includes instructions for how to proceed, and animage data area 904 that depicts the data that has been captured so farfor the 3D model. Image data area 904 includes add data button 905.

FIG. 9B depicts device 900 from the opposite side as depicted in FIG.9A. On this side of device 900, image sensor 906, light sensor 907, andflash 908 are present. Image sensor 906, in some examples, is a highquality visible light sensor. Optionally, it also captures other typesof light, such as IR. Image sensor 906, optionally, also is configuredto capture depth information using time of flight or other techniques.Light sensor 907, in some examples, is used to determine lightingcharacteristics, which can be used to properly configure and operateimage sensor 906. Flash 908 provides a visible light flash for imagesensor 906. Flash 908, in some examples, is also configured based ondata measured from light sensor 907. In addition to the componentsdepicted in FIG. 9B, other components (e.g., an additional image sensor,an IR detector, an IR emitter, etc.) are also present in someembodiments.

FIG. 9C depicts scanning interface 903 after add data button 905 (FIG.9A) has been selected via, for example, touch 909 on display 901. InFIG. 9C, scanning interface 903 includes instructions 910 for selectingone of four affordances (affordances 911-914) for determining how datais to be added. Affordance 911 allows a user to select image data thatis already stored on device 900. Affordance 912 allows a user to selectimage data that is already present on a remote device (e.g., doing anInternet search, accessing a particular remote server, or selecting froma particular remote device). Affordance 913 allows a user to capture newdata using, for example, image sensor 902 or image sensor 906 (FIG. 9C).Affordance 914 returns the user to the state of the interface depictedin FIG. 9A.

FIG. 9D depicts scanning interface 903 after affordance 913 (FIG. 9C)has been selected, for example, via touch 915 on display 901. In FIG. 9Dscanning interface 903 provides four affordances (916-919) for selectingthe type of image data to capture. Affordance 916 selects a still image.Affordance 917 selects video image data. Affordance 918 selects panoramaimage data. Affordance 919 returns the scanning interface to the statedepicted in FIG. 9C.

FIG. 9E depicts scanning interface 903 after affordance 916 (FIG. 9D)has been selected, for example, via touch 920 on display 901. In FIG.9E, a capture interface is displayed on display 901 to capture a portionof scene 920 using image sensor 906 (FIG. 9B). View finder 921represents the current field of view of image sensor 906 (FIG. 9B). Homebutton 922 of device 900, in this example, is used to capture the imagedata in view finder 921. For example, in response to a user depressinghome button 922 (e.g., depression 923), the image data represented bythe data displayed in view finder 921 is captured and saved to device900. Similar interfaces are available for the other types of imagecapture described with respect to FIG. 9D. In addition to datarepresenting the visible or other types of light captured by imagesensor 906, the image data, optionally, also includes positional data,such as location data (e.g., GPS data) and orientation data (e.g., datacollected from accelerometers, gyroscopes, and/or electronic compasses).

FIG. 9F depicts scanning interface 903 after the image data depicted inFIG. 9E was captured. Representation 924 of the image data captured asdescribed with respect to FIG. 9E is now present in image data area 904.In FIG. 9F, scanning interface 903 has already been returned to thephoto capture state via the process described with respect to FIGS. 9Aand 9C-9D. Device 900 has moved with respect to the target as comparedto FIG. 9E. Display 901 shows view finder 921 is pointed at a portion ofscene 925, which is of the same target but a different angle as comparedto scene 920 (FIG. 9E). Home button 922, in some examples, is used tocapture image data represented in view finder 921.

FIG. 9G depicts scanning interface 903 after image data represented byrepresentation 926 has been captured. Based on the image datarepresented by representations 924 and 926, device 900 via the scanningprogram determines an appropriate algorithm to use to build a 3D modelof the target in the image data. The scanning program takes variousfactors into account when determining an appropriate algorithm. In oneexample, the type of image data (e.g., still image versus video versuspanorama) is a factor. In another example, the orientation and/orlocation that device 900 was in when the image data was captured is afactor. Other factors, such as whether the image data includes depthinformation and the amount of image data are also considered in variousembodiments.

FIG. 9G also includes 3D model preview area 927 that includes modelpreview 928, which may be manipulated to be viewed from different anglesand perspectives. For example, in response to touch and drag 929 ondisplay 901, model preview 928 is rotated as depicted in FIG. 9H, whichshows that model preview 928 is not complete due to incomplete imagedata capture. In some embodiments, to complete the model, the userselects add data button 905 to add additional image data.

FIG. 9I depicts scanning interface 903 after selection of add databutton 905 in FIG. 9H. In FIG. 9I, device 900 has determined that basedon the still image data captured so far, a still image algorithm is bestsuited to build the model. Accordingly, scanning interface 903 isdisplaying instructions 929 to the user to obtain additional image dataof the type that will be most useful in building the model. In otherexamples, scanning interface 903 provides instructions and/or suggestionto obtain video data or panorama data image data instead. Scanninginterface 903, optionally, also provides instructions for how toposition device 900 to obtain the most useful image data. The samecapture options as described with respect to FIG. 9C are also displayed.

In response to selection of affordance 912 in FIG. 9I via touch 930 ondisplay 901, scanning interface 903 displays remote selection interface931, as depicted in FIG. 9J. Remote selection interface 931 includesrepresentations 932-934 that depict image data that is available from aremote location. The representations 932-934 are determined to representimage data that is potentially relevant to the model that is currentlybeing built. For example, device 900 optionally transmits its locationto a remote server that uses the location to determine other image datacaptured in the same approximate location. As another example, device900 optionally transmits some or all of the image data that has alreadybeen captured. A remote server then performs image recognition todetermine other image data that is potentially relevant. As yet anotherexample, a standard Internet search is performed using search criteriaprovided by the user. In some embodiments, remote selection interface931 is implemented as a web browser interface displaying the results ofan Internet search. In some examples of selection interface 931, a swipegesture on the interface will allow a user to scroll through additionalimage data that is available. In response to selection of image dataassociated with representation 932 in FIG. 9J, device 900 retrieves therespective image data and adds it to the available image data forbuilding the model, as indicated by representation 935 in FIG. 9K.

In FIG. 9K, 3D model preview area 927 has been updated with a new model,model preview 936 that is based on the available image data. FIG. 9Ldepicts model preview 936 after the user has rotated the model, forexample, via a touch on display 901 as described above with respect toFIGS. 9G and 9H. In some cases, model preview 936 is built using adifferent algorithm than device 900, via the scanning program, selectedearlier with respect to FIG. 9G.

FIGS. 10A-10B is a flow diagram illustrating a method for building a 3Dmodel of an object using an electronic device in accordance with someembodiments. Method 1000 is performed at a device (e.g., 100, 300, 500)with a display and one or more image sensors. Some operations in method1000 are, optionally, combined, the order of some operations are,optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 1000 provides an intuitive way for building a3D model of an object. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a userfor building a 3D model of an object, thereby creating a more efficienthuman-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices,enabling a user to build a 3D model of an object faster and moreefficiently conserves power and increases the time between batterycharges.

An electronic device (e.g., 900) with one or more image sensors (e.g.,902, 906), memory, and a display (e.g., 901) captures (1002) first imagedata (e.g., 921, 904) (e.g., still or video with optical data, depthdata, etc. and, optionally, position data) from one or more imagesensors (e.g., 902, 906) (e.g., depth sensor, light sensor, IR sensor)of the electronic device. The first image data includes first opticalimage data of an object (e.g., 920) from a first perspective (e.g., FIG.9E).

The electronic device also captures (1004) second image data (e.g., 921,926) from the one or more image sensors (e.g., 921, 904) (e.g., depthsensor, light sensor) of the electronic device, wherein the second imagedata includes second optical image light data of the object from asecond perspective (e.g., FIG. 9F) that is different from the firstperspective.

The electronic device selects (1006) an algorithm (e.g., algorithm thatstitches different captures, algorithm that uses panning data) based onthe change in perspective from the first perspective to the secondperspective and based on the algorithm, determines additional image data(e.g., FIG. 9I) that is needed to continue the 3D modeling of theobject.

Finally, the electronic device displays (1010), on the display, visualfeedback (929) that provides instructions for capturing the additionalimage data determined based on the selected algorithm. By providinginstructions to the user about additional data needed to model theobject, the electronic device is enhanced to reduce the cognitive burdenon the user to determine what further image data (e.g., types of imagedata and locations of image data) is needed. This increases thelikelihood that a user will be successful in creating an accurate model.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receives(1018) third data (e.g., 935) (e.g., from the image sensors or a remoteserver). The third data includes third optical image data of the objectfrom a third perspective. The electronic device selects (1020) anupdated algorithm (e.g., algorithm that stitches different captures,algorithm that uses panning data) based on the third perspective. Theupdated algorithm is different than the algorithm. Based on the updatedalgorithm, the electronic device determines (1022) updated additionalimage data that is needed to continue the 3D modeling of the object,wherein the updated additional image data is different than theadditional image data. The electronic device displays (1024), on thedisplay, visual feedback that provides updated instructions forcapturing the updated additional image data, wherein the updateinstructions are different than the instructions displayed prior toselecting the update algorithm. By selecting an updated algorithm basedon the third data, the electronic device's ability to build a model isenhanced by adjusting how the model will be built based on the imagedata that is available. Thus, the electronic device's building of themodel based on an algorithm based on the captured image data is moreefficient, uses less power, and improves battery life.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device builds a 3Dmodel (e.g., 936) of the object based on the first image data (e.g.,924), the second image data (e.g., 926), and the third image (e.g., 935)data using the selected updated algorithm.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device sends atleast a portion of the first image data (e.g., 924) (e.g., positiondata) to a remote server and receives an indication from the remoteserver that the third data (e.g., 932) is available for the object(e.g., FIG. 9J). In some embodiments, the third data is from the dataavailable from other users. By using data from other users, theelectronic device can more efficiently build a model by not having torecapture data that is already available. Thus, the electronic device ismore efficient, uses less power, and has longer battery life.Additionally, the electronic device reduces the burden on the user byeliminating the need for the user to capture additional data that is notalready available or that could be difficult for the user to capture.

In accordance with some embodiments, displaying, on the display, visualfeedback that provides updated instructions for capturing the updatedadditional image data includes: the electronic device, in accordancewith a determination that a first algorithm has been selected, displays(1014) a first set of instructions (e.g., 929) and in accordance with adetermination that a second algorithm, different from the firstalgorithm, has been selected, the visual feedback includes (1016) asecond set of instructions different than the first set of instructions(e.g., prompting the user to slide the camera horizontally rather thanrotating the camera around a fixed point or taking still images of anobject).

In accordance with some embodiments the first image data includes (1012)first depth image data of the object from a first perspective.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device obtains(e.g., from a sensor or the image data) first position data (e.g., GPS,tilt, orientation data) for the first perspective (e.g., perspective ofFIG. 9E) (e.g., orientation or relative position).

In accordance with some embodiments selecting the algorithm is alsobased on the first position data.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device capturessecond position data (e.g., GPS, tilt, orientation data) for the secondperspective (e.g., perspective of FIG. 9F) (e.g., orientation orrelative position), wherein the second image data includes second depthimage data of the object from the second perspective and selecting thealgorithm is also based on the second position data.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device builds a 3Dmodel (e.g., 936) of the object based on the first image data (e.g.,924), the second image data (e.g., 926), and the additional image data(e.g., 935) using the selected algorithm and stores, in the memory, the3D model. In some embodiments, a graphical representation of the 3Dmodel (e.g., 936) is displayed to the user (e.g., a partially generated3D model is displayed to the user while the user is scanning the objectto help the user complete scanning the object and/or a completed 3Dmodel is displayed to the user after the user has finished scanning theobject optionally in response to a detected request to display the modelsuch as activation of a displayed affordance to display the 3D model).

In accordance with some embodiments selecting the algorithm includesselecting a scan-based algorithm based on the change from the firstperspective to the second perspective indicating that the first imagedata and the second image data are from a scan of the object.

In accordance with some embodiments selecting the algorithm includesselecting a discrete-image-based algorithm based on the change from thefirst perspective to the second perspective indicating that the firstperspective and the second perspective are for discrete images (e.g.,the perspectives shown in FIGS. 9E and 9F).

In accordance with some embodiments the electronic device identifies asupport (e.g., a hand or a table) in the first image data that istouching the object and builds a 3D model of the object based on thefirst image data and the second image data using the selected algorithm.The 3D model does not include the support touching the first object(e.g., the 3D model is generated at least in part by excluding detectedpoints that are determined to be a part of the support rather than partof the first object). By not including the support touching the firstobject in the model of the object, the electronic device is enhanced tobe capable of producing a model that is more useful to a user by notincluding extraneous detail that is not relevant to the user. Thus theuser is not required to manually remove the support later, which makesthe electronic device more efficient, use less power, and have longerbattery life.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device displays on adisplay of the electronic device a first window that includes a liveimage of the object (e.g., 921) and displays on the display a secondwindow that includes an image of a model (e.g., 927) (e.g., either fullor partial) of the object, wherein the model is based on the first imagedata and the second image data. In some embodiments, the image of themodel of the object is updated as additional images are captured and themodel of the object is improved. This feedback enables the user to moreaccurately scan the object by providing real-time feedback to the useras to the progress of the scan and the type of movement of the devicethat is likely, at least in some cases, to improve the quality of thescan, which results in a more accurate model.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 11 shows an exemplaryfunctional block diagram of an electronic device 1100 configured inaccordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. Inaccordance with some embodiments, the functional blocks of electronicdevice 1100 are configured to perform the techniques described above.The functional blocks of the device 1100 are, optionally, implemented byhardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carryout the principles of the various described examples. It is understoodby persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 11 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks toimplement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore,the description herein optionally supports any possible combination orseparation or further definition of the functional blocks describedherein.

As shown in FIG. 11, an electronic device 1100 includes a display unit1102 and a processing unit 1104 coupled to the display unit 1102. Insome embodiments, the processing unit 1104 includes a capturing unit1106, selecting enabling unit 1108, determining unit 1110, displayenabling unit 1112, receiving unit 1114, building unit 1116, sendingunit 1118, obtaining unit 1022, storing unit 1124, and identifying unit1126.

The processing unit 1104 is configured to: capture (e.g., usingcapturing unit 1006) first image data from one or more image sensors ofthe electronic device, wherein the first image data includes firstoptical image data of an object from a first perspective; capture (e.g.,using capturing unit 1106) second image data from the one or more imagesensors of the electronic device, wherein the second image data includessecond optical image light data of the object from a second perspectivethat is different from the first perspective; select (e.g., usingselecting unit 1108) an algorithm based on the change in perspectivefrom the first perspective to the second perspective; based on thealgorithm, determine (e.g., using determining unit 1110) additionalimage data that is needed to continue the 3D modeling of the object; anddisplay (e.g., using display enabling unit 1112), on the display, visualfeedback that provides instructions for capturing the additional imagedata determined based on the selected algorithm.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured to:receive (e.g., using receiving unit 1114) third data, wherein the thirddata includes third optical image data of the object from a thirdperspective; select (e.g., using selecting unit 1108) an updatedalgorithm based on the third perspective, wherein the updated algorithmis different than the algorithm; based on the updated algorithm,determine (e.g., using determining unit 1110) updated additional imagedata that is needed to continue the 3D modeling of the object, whereinthe updated additional image data is different than the additional imagedata; and display (e.g., using display enabling unit 1112), on thedisplay, visual feedback that provides updated instructions forcapturing the updated additional image data, wherein the updateinstructions are different than the instructions displayed prior toselecting the update algorithm.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured tobuild (e.g., using building unit 1116) a 3D model of the object based onthe first image data, the second image data, the third image data, andthe updated additional image data using the selected updated algorithm.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured tosend (e.g., using sending unit 1118) at least a portion of the firstimage data to a remote server; and receive (e.g., using receiving unit1114) an indication from the remote server that the third data isavailable for the object.

In some embodiments display, on the display, of visual feedback thatprovides updated instructions for capturing the updated additional imagedata includes: in accordance with a determination that a first algorithmhas been selected, display of a first set of instructions; and inaccordance with a determination that a second algorithm, different fromthe first algorithm, has been selected, the visual feedback includes asecond set of instructions different than the first set of instructions.

In some embodiments the first image data includes first depth image dataof the object from the first perspective.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured toobtain (e.g., using obtaining unit 1122) first position data for thefirst perspective.

In some embodiments selecting the algorithm is also based on the firstposition data.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured tocapture (e.g., using capturing unit 1106) second position data for thesecond perspective, wherein the second image data includes second depthimage data of the object from the second perspective and selecting thealgorithm is also based on the second position data.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured tobuild (e.g., using building unit 1116) a 3D model of the object based onthe first image data, the second image data, and the additional imagedata using the selected algorithm; and store (e.g., using storing unit1124), in the memory, the 3D model.

In some embodiments selecting the algorithm includes selecting ascan-based algorithm based on the change from the first perspective tothe second perspective indicating that the first image data and thesecond image data are from a scan of the object.

In some embodiments selecting the algorithm includes selecting adiscrete-image-based algorithm based on the change from the firstperspective to the second perspective indicating that the firstperspective and the second perspective are for discrete images.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured toidentify (e.g., using identifying unit 1126) a support in the firstimage data that is touching the object; and build (e.g., using buildingunit 1116) a 3D model of the object based on the first image data andthe second image data using the selected algorithm, wherein the 3D modeldoes not include the support touching the first object.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1104 is further configured todisplay (e.g., using display enabling unit 1112) on a display of theelectronic device a first window that includes a live image of theobject; and display (e.g., using display enabling unit 1112) on thedisplay a second window that includes an image of a model of the object,wherein the model is based on the first image data and the second imagedata.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 10A 10B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1300, 1700, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1000 described above withrespect to FIGS. 10A-10B. For example, capturing first image data andsecond image data described above with reference to method 1000optionally has one or more of the characteristics of the captured imagedata described herein with reference to other methods described herein(e.g., methods 2500 and 2700). For brevity, these details are notrepeated here.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 10A-10B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, inputs that cause the first andsecond image data to be captured are, optionally, implemented by eventsorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive surface604, and event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information toapplication 136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application136-1 compares the event information to respective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respectivepredefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of theevent or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls dataupdater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internalstate 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respectiveGUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in theart how other processes can be implemented based on the componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIGS. 12A-12J illustrate exemplary user interfaces for restrictingaccess to data and applications based on the user, in accordance withsome embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used toillustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 13A-13B.

FIG. 12A depicts device 1200 having display 1201, image sensor 1202, andhome button 1204. In some embodiments, display 1201 is a touch-sensitivedisplay. In some embodiments home button 1204 is a mechanical buttonseparate from display 1201 and includes a fingerprint sensor foridentifying a user that places a finger on home button 1204. In someembodiments, home button 1204 is integrated with display 1201 and stillincludes a fingerprint sensor. In FIG. 12A device 1200 is displaying, ondisplay 1201, lock screen interface 1203. Lock screen interface 1203 isdisplayed when device 1200 is in a locked stated with restrictedfunctionality. For example, access to most applications on device 1200and other functionality is not permitted when in the locked state. Insome examples, however, some applications (e.g., a camera application)or functionality (e.g., calling an emergency number) is available. Theseapplications and functions that are permitted from the locked state,optionally, accessed via buttons (not shown) that appear in lock screeninterface 1203 or other gestures (e.g., swipes) on lock screen interface1203. In some cases, device 1200 is unlocked via the authentication offingerprint data measured by the fingerprint sensor present in homebutton 1204. In other cases, device 1200 is unlocked via authenticationof a pin code that is entered via a pin code interface (not shown). Insome embodiments, image sensor 1202 is configured to capture image dataof the user using device 1200. The image data is then processed indevice 1200 and compared against image data or other data for authorizedusers. Device 1200 can also be unlocked if the image data allows for theuser to be authenticated.

FIG. 12B depicts device 1200 displaying home screen interface 1205 afterdevice 1200 has been unlocked, for example, using one of the techniquesdescribed with respect to FIG. 12A. Home screen interface 1205 includesa plurality of icons for applications installed on device 1200,including a photo application associated with icon 1206. In response toselection of icon 1206 via, for example, touch 1207 on display 1201 atthe location of 1206, the photo application is launched or, if the photoapplication has already been launched, the photo application isdisplayed.

FIG. 12C depicts device 1200 displaying the photo application, and morespecifically, photo album interface 1208, which includes add button1209, title 1210, search button 1211, and edit button 1212. Selection ofadd button 1209 causes an add album interface to be displayed thatenables creation of an additional photo album. Title 1210 identifies theinterface as the album interface. Selection of search button 1210 causesa search interface to be displayed that enables searching of photos inthe photo application. Selection of edit button 1212 enables an albumedit interface that enables deleting of albums or other functions.

Photo album interface 1208 also includes thumbnails 1213-1216 that eachrepresents a respective photo album in the photo application. In someexamples, each thumbnail is a smaller version of a photo that is presentin that album. Thumbnails 1213-1216 are also selectable, for example,via a touch on display 1201.

FIG. 12D depicts the photo application after selection of thumbnail 1213(FIG. 12C). Photo selection interface 1217 is displayed, which includesback button 1218, title 1219, and select button 1220. Selection of backbutton 1218 returns the photo application to album interface 1208 (FIG.12C). Title 1219 identifies the current album that is displayed in photoselection interface 1217. Selection of select button 1220 allows theuser to select multiple of the photos in the current album and performan operation (e.g., deleting) on the selected photos.

Photo album interface 1217 also includes thumbnails 1221-1232 that eachrepresents a respective photo in the album. In some examples, eachthumbnail is a smaller version of the photo that is present in thatalbum. Thumbnails 1221-1232 are also selectable, for example, via atouch on display 1201.

FIG. 12E depicts the photo application after selection of thumbnail 1227(FIG. 12D). Photo interface 1234 is displayed, which includes backbutton 1235, photo information 1236, and details button 1237. Selectionof back button 1235 returns the photo application to photo selectioninterface 1217 (FIG. 12D). Photo information 1235 provides information,such as location and time, related to the currently displayed photo(1238). Selection of details button 1237 displays a details interfacethat provides additional information about the currently displayed photo(1238), such as related photos or people identified in the photo

Photo interface 1234 also includes display of the currently selectedphoto, photo 1238. The interface also includes a preview area thatincludes thumbnail 1239 of photo 1238 and other reduced sized thumbnails1240 representing some of the other photos in the album. If there is notsufficient room for all photos in the album to have a displayedthumbnail in the preview area, in some embodiments, a user can scrollthrough the thumbnails, for example, via a swipe gesture on display 1201over the preview area.

While displaying photo interface 1234, the user of device 1200 canrequest the interface to navigate away from photo 1238 to the next photoin the album (e.g., photo represented by thumbnail 1228 of FIG. 12D).The request to navigate away from the current photo, in some examples,is a gesture on display 1201 received on the currently selected photo(e.g., photo 1238 in the case of FIG. 12E). In one example, swipegesture 1241 is received. In response to receiving swipe gesture 1241,device 1200 captures image data using image sensor 1202. In otherexamples, the image data is captured prior to receiving a request tonavigate away from the current photo.

Once the image data is captured and the request to navigate away fromthe currently selected photo is received, device 1200 (e.g., via anauthentication program) determines whether a set of content-lockcriteria is met. In some examples, the set of content-lock criteriaincludes a criterion that is met if an unauthorized user is detected asusing device 1200 based on analysis of the captured image. In otherexamples, other criteria are also used, such as detecting the absence ofan authorized user (e.g., by analyzing the captured image data), theorientation or movement of the device (e.g., detection of a handoff ofthe device or that the device is lying flat), a time delay since anauthorized user was last detected, and/or information associated withthe content that is being displayed (e.g., sensitive or private contentcould have a stricter set of criteria).

In response to a determination that the set of content-lock criteria isnot met (e.g., an unauthorized user is not detected as using the devicebased on the captured image data), navigation away from the currentlyselected content is permitted to proceed. This is depicted in FIGS. 12Fand 12G.

Specifically, in FIG. 12F, in response to swipe gesture 1241 (FIG. 12E),photo interface 1234 transitions from photo 1238 to the next photo inthe album, photo 1242. Additionally, thumbnail 1239 associated withphoto 1238 shrinks as thumbnail 1243 associated with photo 1242 grows.

FIG. 12G depicts the completed navigation away from the previouslyselected content (photo 1238 in FIG. 12E) to the newly selected content(photo 1242). The photo information for photo interface 1234 has beenupdated with photo information 1244 associated with photo 1242.

On the other hand, in response to a determination that the set ofcontent-lock criteria is met (e.g., an unauthorized user is detected asusing the device based on the captured image data), navigation away fromthe currently selected content is denied. This is depicted in FIG. 12H.

In FIG. 12H, device 1200 has determined that the set of content-lockcriteria has been met. In response to a request to navigate away fromthe currently selected content (photo 1238) via, for example, swipegesture 1241 of FIG. 12E, device 1200 does not show the next photo inthe album as was described with respect to FIGS. 12F and 12G.Additionally, the photo preview area with thumbnail 1239 is not updatedin response to the request. In some embodiments the photo preview areais completely hidden. In response to the swipe gesture ceasing, photo1238 returns to the center of display 1201, as depicted in FIG. 12E. Theability to navigate away from photo 1238 is permitted again once the setof content-lock criteria is no longer met.

In addition to preventing the navigation away from currently displayedor selected content, in some embodiments, other, potentially differentsets of lock criteria are also used to restrict or change otherfunctionality of device 1200. For example, a set of lock criteria isassociated with a function of the device, such as the ability to exit anapplication, switch to another open application, or launch a newapplication. If this set of lock criteria is met, the associatedfunction of the device is disabled. In another example, a set of lockcriteria is associated with a configuration of an application on thedevice, such as read-only configuration. If this set of lock criteria ismet, the configuration of the application is switched (e.g., theapplication's functionality is restricted or the application is switchedfrom a read/write configuration to a read-only configuration). In yetanother example, a set of lock criteria is associated with locking allother functionality of the device other than the current function (e.g.,if the device is displaying a photo, that is the only function permittedon the device other than, perhaps, locking the device).

FIGS. 12I and 12J depict another example of an application of a set oflock criteria. In FIG. 12I, a communication has been received in theform of an iMessage message. Device 1200 has determined that a set oflock criteria is not met. Device 1200 thus displays notification 1245 toindicate that the communication was received and to preview the messagecontent and sender. In contrasts, in FIG. 12J, device 1200 hasdetermined that the same set of lock criteria is met. This set of lockcriteria is associated with whether to display notifications aboutcommunications or, alternatively, what kind of notification to display.In FIG. 12J, notification 1246 only indicates that a message orcommunication has been received without showing content of the messageor who sent the message. In some embodiments, the display of anotification is suppressed entirely in response to lock criteria beingmet.

Restricted functionality and features of device 1200 and itsapplications are optionally restored when an associated set of lockcriteria is no longer met. In some embodiments, the restrictedfunctionality and features are also restored when the device isunlocked, for example, using a pin code or fingerprint identification.

FIGS. 13A-13B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for restrictingaccess to data and applications based on the user using an electronicdevice in accordance with some embodiments. Method 1300 is performed ata device (e.g., 100, 300, 500) with a display and an image sensor. Someoperations in method 1300 are, optionally, combined, the order of someoperations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are,optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 1300 provides an intuitive way forrestricting access to data and applications based on the user using thedevice. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user forrestricting access to data and applications based on the user using thedevice, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to restrict accessto data and applications based on the user using the device faster andmore efficiently conserves power and increases the time between batterycharges.

An electronic device (e.g., 1200) with a display (e.g., 1201) and one ormore image sensors (e.g., 1202) displays, on the display, content (e.g.,1238) (e.g., a photo) in an application (e.g., Photos, photo sharingapplication, messaging application). The electronic device displays(1302) the content while the application is in a first configuration(e.g., a normal configuration). While displaying the content, theelectronic device captures (1304) image data (e.g., image and/or depthinformation) from the one or more image sensors (e.g., 1202) of theelectronic device. After capturing the image data, the electronic devicereceives (1306) a request e.g., (e.g., 1241) to navigate away from thecontent. In response to receiving a request to navigate away from thecontent (e.g., swiping to a different photo or going to a differentwebpage), the electronic device: in accordance with a determination thata first set of content-lock criteria have been met, prevents (1310)navigation away (e.g., FIG. 12F) (e.g., swiping to a different photo orgoing to a different webpage) from the content while maintaining displayof the content (e.g., 1238), wherein the first set of content-lockcriteria includes a first criterion that is met when the captured imagedata indicates that an unauthorized user is using the device; and inaccordance with a determination that the first set of content-lockcriteria have not been met, navigating (e.g., FIGS. 12F-12G) (1312) awayfrom the content in accordance with the request. By preventingnavigation away from content when certain criteria are met, the securityof the electronic device is enhanced by preventing access to othercontent while still enabling view of content that an authorized userintends to allow access to (e.g., preventing access to other photos whenan authorized user is not using the device).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device navigatingaway from the content includes translating currently displayed content(e.g., scrolling a map or a list in response to a scroll input such as adrag gesture on a touch-sensitive surface). In accordance with someembodiments the electronic device navigating away from the contentincludes switching between content items (e.g., 1238 and 1242) in anapplication (e.g., FIG. 12F) (e.g., switching through pages in a book orpdf, pictures in a camera roll, webpages in a browser based on a nextcontent item input such as a swipe gesture on a touch-sensitivesurface).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device, inaccordance with a determination that the first set of content-lockcriteria is no longer met, allows (1314) navigation away (e.g., FIGS.12F-12G) (e.g., swiping to a different photo or going to a differentwebpage) from the content.

In accordance with some embodiments the first set of lock-criteriaincludes a second criterion that is met when the captured image dataindicates that an authorized user of the electronic device is not usingthe device (e.g., a face of an authorized user is not detected in thefield of view of the camera for more than a predetermined amount of timesuch as 1 second, 15 seconds, or 1 minute). In accordance with someembodiments the first set of lock-criteria includes a third criterionthat is met when the captured image data indicates that the unauthorizeduser is present and an authorized user is not present (e.g., a face of auser that is not recognized as an authorized user is detected in thefield of view of the camera without a face of an authorized user beingdetected in the field of view of the camera). In some embodiments, thefirst set of lock-criteria is met when any of the included criterionsare met. In some embodiments, the first set of lock-criteria is only metwhen all the include criterions are met. By including multiple lockcriterion in the first set of lock-criteria, the electronic device isenhanced by providing for flexible levels of security that allow for abalance between the user's ability to show content to others andpreventing access to content the user does not wish others to view.

In accordance with some embodiments the first set of lock-criteria ismet when the captured image data indicates that the unauthorized user ispresent without regard to whether or not an authorized user is present(e.g., the first set of lock-criteria is met if the first criterion ismet). In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic devicedetermines whether the captured image data indicates the presence of anunauthorized user of the electronic device.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device, inaccordance with a determination that a second set of content-lockcriteria has been met, disabling (1316) at least one function of theelectronic device (FIGS. 12I and 12J) (e.g., suppressing the display ofnotifications). In accordance with some embodiments, the electronicdevice, in accordance with the determination that a fourth set of (e.g.,same or different as other sets) content-lock criteria have been met,locking (1320) other functionality (e.g., all other functionality exceptthe sleep/wake button functionality) of the electronic device whilecontinuing to display the content in the application. In accordance withsome embodiments in accordance with the fourth criterion being met,preventing navigation between applications on the electronic device andin accordance with the fifth criterion being met, preventing navigationwithin the application (e.g., transition from the photo view in FIG. 12Eback to the album view in FIG. 12D). For example, if the fourthcriterion is met (and accordingly, the fifth set of lock-criteria) aremet, a user press of the home button will not return the device to thehome screen. Instead, either the application display remains or thedevice is locked and the lock interface (e.g., 1203) is displayed. Forexample, the fourth set of content-lock criteria is met when the imagedata indicate no authorized user is using the electronic device. Inresponse to the fourth set of content-lock criteria being met, switchingbetween applications and/or viewing notifications is disabled. Bydisabling or locking one or more functions of the electronic device, thesecurity of the electronic device is enhanced by restricting access tocertain functionality when the user is allowing others to view contenton the electronic device. For example, if the user provides theelectronic device to another person to view a displayed image and theelectronic device receives a phone call, the electronic device candetermine that the user (e.g., an authorized user) is not using theelectronic device and prevent the phone call from being answered.

In accordance with some embodiments the first set of lock-criteria andthe second set of lock-criteria are different (e.g., the first set oflock-criteria is met is the image data indicates an unauthorized user isusing the electronic device regardless of whether an authorized user ispresent and the second set of lock-criteria is met if the image dataindicates an authorized user is not using the electronic device,regardless of whether an unauthorized user is present).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device, inaccordance with a determination that a third set of content-lockcriteria has been met, switching (1318) the application to a secondconfiguration (e.g., FIG. 12G) that limits operation of the applicationas compared to the first configuration (e.g., FIG. 12F) (e.g.,navigation is locked if an unauthorized user and authorized user presentand the entire device is locked an unauthorized user is present withoutauthorized user).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device, inaccordance with the determination that a fifth set (e.g., same ordifferent as other sets) of content-lock criteria have been met,preventing (1322) the display of a notification related to acommunication received at the electronic device (e.g., detecting anotification triggering condition, and in accordance with adetermination that the content-lock criteria have been met, suppressingpresentation of the notification/in accordance with a determination thatthe content-lock criteria have not been met, presenting the notification(e.g., via audible, tactile, or visual output)).

In accordance with some embodiments the fifth set of lock-criteriaincludes a fourth criterion that is met when the captured image dataindicates that an unauthorized user is using the electronic device andthe fifth set of lock-criteria is met if the fourth criterion is met andthe first set of lock-criteria includes a fifth criteria that is metwhen the captured image data indicates the absence of an authorizeduser. For example, the fourth criterion of the fifth set oflock-criteria is met when image data captured from the electronic deviceindicates that a user other than an authorized user is present in thecaptured image data (e.g., the image data indicates that an unauthorizeduser (with or without an authorized user) is within the field of view ofa camera on the front of the electronic device). Additionally, the fifthset of lock-criteria is met as long as the fourth criterion is metregardless of whether other criterions in the fifth set of lock criteriaare met (e.g., as long as an unauthorized user is present in thecaptured image data, no other criterion need to be met in order for thefifth set of lock-criteria to be met).

In accordance with some embodiments the image data includes optical dataand depth data, and wherein determining whether the first set ofcontent-lock criteria have been met is based on the optical data and thedepth data. In some embodiments, the optical data is provided by a firstcamera with a first resolution and the depth data is provided by asecond camera with a second resolution that is lower than the firstresolution. In some embodiments, the depth data is generated by acombination of images from two cameras that are located a known distanceapart. In some embodiments the depth data and the optical data aregenerated by the same camera.

In accordance with some embodiments the electronic device navigatingaway from the content includes switching applications or closing theapplication (e.g., the photo application of FIGS. 12C-12J) to displaythe home screen (e.g., 1205) (e.g., switching through applications in amultitasking mode triggered by repeated activation of a button such as ahome button or exiting to an application launch user interface triggeredby activation of a button such as a home button).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receivesunlock information (e.g., a pin code, a password, or biometricinformation, such as fingerprint information or iris information)associated with an authorized user of the electronic device; determineswhether the unlock information is authentic; and in accordance with adetermination that the unlock information is authentic, enablesnavigation away (e.g., FIG. 12F) (e.g., swiping to a different photo orgoing to a different webpage) from the content (e.g., 1238) (e.g.,returning the electronic device to normal operation).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 13A-13B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1000, 1700, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1300 described above withrespect to FIGS. 13A-13B. For example, the content-lock criteria and thedetermination of whether criteria are met based on captured image datadescribed above with reference to method 1300 optionally has one or moreof the characteristics of the authorization criteria and alert criteriaand associated determinations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 1700, 1900, 2100). For brevity,these details are not repeated here.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 13A-13B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, receiving the request to navigateaway from content is, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive surface 604, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respectivepredefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of theevent or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls dataupdater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internalstate 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respectiveGUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in theart how other processes can be implemented based on the componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 14 shows an exemplaryfunctional block diagram of an electronic device 1400 configured inaccordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. Inaccordance with some embodiments, the functional blocks of electronicdevice 1400 are configured to perform the techniques described above.The functional blocks of the device 1400 are, optionally, implemented byhardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carryout the principles of the various described examples. It is understoodby persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 14 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks toimplement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore,the description herein optionally supports any possible combination orseparation or further definition of the functional blocks describedherein.

As shown in FIG. 14, an electronic device 1400 includes a display unit1402 and a processing unit 1404 coupled to the display unit 1402. Insome embodiments, the processing unit 1404 includes a display enablingunit 1406, capturing unit 1408, receiving unit 1410, preventing unit1412, navigating unit 1414, allowing unit 1416, disabling unit 1418,locking unit 1420, preventing unit 1422, determining unit 1424,switching unit 1126, and enabling unit 1128.

The processing unit configured to 1404 is configured to display (e.g.,using display enabling unit 1406), on the display, content in anapplication, wherein the content is displayed while the application isin a first configuration; while displaying the content, capture (e.g.,using capturing unit 1408) image data (from the one or more imagesensors of the electronic device; after capturing the image data,receive (e.g., using receiving unit 1410) a request to navigate awayfrom the content; and in response to receiving a request to navigateaway from the content: in accordance with a determination that a firstset of content-lock criteria have been met, prevent (e.g., usingpreventing unit 1412) navigation away from the content while maintainingdisplay of the content, wherein the first set of content-lock criteriaincludes a first criterion that is met when the captured image dataindicates that an unauthorized user is using the device; and inaccordance with a determination that the first set of content-lockcriteria have not been met, navigate (e.g., using navigating unit 1414)away from the content in accordance with the request.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured to,in accordance with a determination that the first set of content-lockcriteria is no longer met, allow (e.g., using allowing unit 1416)navigation away from the content.

In some embodiments the first set of lock-criteria includes a secondcriterion that is met when the captured image data indicates that anauthorized user of the electronic device is not using the device.

In some embodiments the first set of lock-criteria includes a thirdcriterion that is met when the captured image data indicates that theunauthorized user is present and an authorized user is not present.

In some embodiments the first set of lock-criteria is met when thecaptured image data indicates that the unauthorized user is presentwithout regard to whether or not an authorized user is present.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured toin accordance with a determination that a second set of content-lockcriteria has been met, disable (e.g., using disabling unit 1418) atleast one function of the electronic device.

In some embodiments the first set of lock-criteria and the second set oflock-criteria are different.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured toin accordance with a determination that a third set of content-lockcriteria has been met, switch (e.g., using switching unit 1126) theapplication to a second configuration that limits operation of theapplication as compared to the first configuration.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured toin accordance with the determination that a fourth set of content-lockcriteria have been met, lock (e.g., using locking unit 1420) otherfunctionality of the electronic device while continuing to display thecontent in the application.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured toin accordance with the determination that a fifth set of content-lockcriteria have been met, prevent (e.g., using preventing unit 1412) thedisplay of a notification related to a communication received at theelectronic device.

In some embodiments the fifth set of lock-criteria includes a fourthcriterion that is met when the captured image data indicates that anunauthorized user is using the electronic device and the fifth set oflock-criteria is met if the fourth criterion is met; and the first setof lock-criteria includes a fifth criteria that is met when the capturedimage data indicates the absence of an authorized user.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured toin accordance with the fourth criterion being met, prevent (e.g., usingpreventing unit 1412) navigation between applications on the electronicdevice; and in accordance with the fifth criterion being met, prevent(e.g., using preventing unit 1412) navigation within the application.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured todetermine (e.g., using determining unit 1124) whether the captured imagedata indicates the presence of an unauthorized user of the electronicdevice.

In some embodiments the image data includes optical data and depth data,and wherein determining whether the first set of content-lock criteriahave been met is based on the optical data and the depth data.

In some embodiments navigating away from the content includestranslating currently displayed content.

In some embodiments navigating away from the content includes switchingbetween content items in an application.

In some embodiments navigating away from the content includes switchingapplications or closing the application to display the home screen.

In some embodiments, the processing unit 1404 is further configured toreceive (e.g., using receiving unit 1410) unlock information associatedwith an authorized user of the electronic device; determine (e.g., usingdetermining unit 1124) whether the unlock information is authentic; andin accordance with a determination that the unlock information isauthentic, enable (e.g., using enabling unit 1128) navigation away fromthe content.

Methods 1700 (described below with respect to FIGS. 16A-16G and17A-17B), 1900 (described below with respect to FIGS. 18A-18L and19A-19B), 2100 (described below with respect to FIGS. 20A-20F and21A-21B), and 2300 (described below with respect to FIGS. 22A 22E and23A-23B) use captured image data to determine how an electronic deviceshould interpret various input and other information. The image data canbe captured at any time, including in response to receiving input, at apredetermined time interval, in response to receiving other information(e.g., messages or alerts), or under other circumstances. In someembodiments, the electronic device analyzes captured image data thatrepresents a scene that is present in a field of view of a camera of theelectronic device when a corresponding user input is received at theelectronic device. The analysis identifies characteristics about thecaptured image data and/or particular objects (e.g., people, objects onwalls, buildings, etc.) that are represented within the captured imagedata. FIGS. 15A-15F depicts examples of characteristics of people andother objects that can be identified in captured image data. In someembodiments, the electronic device uses one or more of thesecharacteristics or other identified characteristic in determining how toprocess inputs and other information, such as user inputs, alerts,messages, and notifications.

In FIG. 15A, electronic device 1500, which in some embodiments is device100, 300, or 500 described above, includes camera 1502 having field ofview 1504 (indicated by dashed lines) facing the front of electronicdevice 1500 (e.g., camera 1502 is a front-facing camera). In someembodiments, electronic device 1500 also includes a second camera thatis back-facing but is otherwise the same as camera 1502. Camera 1502includes one or more image sensors each of which is sensitive to and/ordetects characteristics of a scene within the camera's field of view,such as light in one or more bands of the electromagnetic spectrum ordepth data (e.g., the distance from the camera to points in the field ofview). In one example, camera 1502 includes a visible light sensor thatcaptures image data representing visible light. In another example,camera 1502 includes a visible light sensor that captures image datarepresenting visible light and an infrared (IR) sensor that capturesimage data representing IR light. In another example, camera 1502includes a time-of-flight sensor (e.g., as part of an IR sensor) thatprovides depth data for associated visible light data captured from avisible light sensor. The captured image data from camera 1502 in FIG.15A would include user 1506. Based on the captured image data,electronic device 1500 identifies one or more characteristics of thescene that was captured, such as that the user is an authorized user,that the user is looking at the electronic device (e.g., user's eyes1508 are directed towards the display of the electronic device or justthe electronic device generally), that the user is using the electronicdevice (e.g., based on the user's eyes directed towards the electronicdevice and moving indicating that the user is interacting with theelectronic device), or other characteristics.

In some embodiments, electronic device 1500 uses image data thatincludes depth data and visible light data to determine thecharacteristics. In one example, electronic device 1500 analyzes imagedata to determine the position and orientation of a user's head based onvisible light and depth data and to determine the direction that theuser's eyes are pointing based on visible light data. Based on thesefactors, and optionally others, electronic device 1500 determineswhether the user is looking at the display of the electronic device. Insome embodiments, electronic device 1500 uses these factors, andoptionally other factors to determine where on electronic device 1500'sdisplay the user is focusing.

In addition to time-of-flight techniques mentioned above, othertechniques can be used to measure depth data for associated visiblelight data or to extract depth data from other types of image data. Forexample, using two or more image sensors, parallax techniques can beused. As another example, using an IR emitter and IR detector, speckletechniques speckle can be used. As another example, focus informationfor the camera can be used to determine depth information. Any depthinformation determined from one or more sensors in camera 1502 isoptionally stored as part of the captured image data.

In FIG. 15B, electronic device 1500 captures image data representing asimilar scene as that captured with respect to FIG. 15A. User 1506,however, is not looking at electronic device 1500, as indicated byuser's eyes 1508. In the captured image data representing this scene,electronic device 1500 identifies characteristics, such as that user1506 is an authorized user, that user 1506 is not looking at theelectronic device, or other characteristics.

In FIG. 15C, electronic device 1500 captures image data from inside ofbag 1510. In the captured image data representing this scene, electronicdevice 1500 identifies characteristics, such as that field of view 1504is occluded or that no authorized user is present.

In FIG. 15D, electronic device 1500 captures image data representing asimilar scene as that captured with respect to FIGS. 15A and 15B. User1506 (FIGS. 15A-15B), however, is no longer present in field of view1504 of camera 1502. Instead, user 1512 is present. In the capturedimage data representing this scene, electronic device 1500 identifiescharacteristics, such as that user 1512 is not an authorized user, thatuser 1512 is looking at the electronic device, that no authorized useris present, or other characteristics.

In FIG. 15E, electronic device 1500 captures image data representing noobjects of interest (e.g., electronic device 1500 is on a table withcamera 1502 facing up so that only the ceiling or sky is within field ofview 1504). In the captured image data representing this scene,electronic device 1500 identifies characteristics, such as that noauthorized user is present, that no unauthorized user is present, thatthe camera's field of view is not occluded, or other characteristics.

In FIG. 15F, electronic device 1500 captures image data representing ascene representing both user 1506 and user 1512. In the captured imagedata representing this scene, electronic device 1500 identifiescharacteristics, such as that user 1512 is not an authorized user, thatuser 1506 is an authorized user, that user 1506 and user 1512 are eachlooking at the electronic device, that an unauthorized user is present,or other characteristics.

FIGS. 16A-16G illustrate exemplary user interfaces for restrictingexecution of operations based on a set of one or more authorizationcriteria. FIGS. 17A-17B are a flow diagram illustrating methods forrestricting execution of operations based on a set of one or moreauthorization criteria in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in FIGS. 16A 16G illustrate the processes described below,including the processes in FIGS. 17A-17B.

FIG. 16A depicts device 1500 (see FIGS. 15A-15F), which in some examplesis a specific form factor for device 100, device 300, or device 500described above. Device 1500 includes display 1501, which in someembodiments is a touch-sensitive display, and camera 1502 (describedwith respect to FIGS. 15A-15F). Additionally, in some embodiments ofdevice 1500, additional sensors and/or other components (e.g., flash orIR emitter) are present along with camera 1502.

In FIG. 16A, device 1500 is displaying email user interface 1600 ondisplay 1501. Email user interface 1600 includes graphicalrepresentations 1602-1608 that corresponds to respective email messages.The graphical representation includes information identifying thesender, information from the subject of the corresponding email, and atime that the email message was received. Graphical representations1602-1604 include unread indicators 1609-1611, respectively.

FIGS. 16B-16E depict device 1500 responding to a gesture received ongraphical representation 1602. As contact 1612 touches touch sensitivedisplay 1501 (FIG. 16B) and moves across touch-sensitive display (FIGS.16C 16E), several affordances are displayed. Specifically, as depictedin FIGS. 16C and 16D, trash button 1614, flag button 1615, and morebutton 1616 are displayed after contact 1612 has moved part away acrossgraphical element 1603 without contact liftoff with touch-sensitivedisplay 1501. Selection of trash button 1614 moves the email messageassociated with graphical representation 1603 to a trash folder, deletesthe email message, or erases the email message. Selection of flag button1615 causes a flag to be associated with the email message (e.g.,causing an additional indicator to be displayed in graphicalrepresentation 1603). Selection of more button 1616 causes display of anadditional menu of options for the associated email message, such asoptions for replying, forwarding, marking the email message as read,moving the message, or notifications.

If the device detects liftoff of contact 1612 from touch sensitivedisplay 1501 at the locations depicted in FIG. 16C or 16D, the devicemaintains display of buttons 1614-1616 in a static location for a userto select any of the buttons via, for example, a tap gesture on thebutton's location on touch-sensitive display 1501. If, on the otherhand, the device continues to detect contact 1612 moving acrossgraphical representation 1603 without liftoff, as depicted in FIG. 16E,the device no longer displays flag button 1615 and more button 1616, asdepicted in FIG. 16E. This indicates that once contact 1612 lifts offfrom touch-sensitive display 1501, the device will execute the functionassociated with trash button 1614.

After the device detects contact 1612 of FIG. 16E lifts off fromtouch-sensitive display 1501, device 1500 determines, based on capturedimage data, whether a set of one or more criteria are met beforeperforming the action associated with delete button 1614. In someembodiments, device 1500 performs a similar determination when trashbutton 1614 is directly selected (e.g., via a tap gesture while trashbutton 1614 is displayed on FIG. 16D). In some examples of a set of oneor more criteria, the set of one or more criteria is a set of one ormore authorization criteria that ensures that the action to be performedis at the request of an authorized user. In some examples of a set ofone or more criteria, the set of one or more criteria is one criterionthat requires the face of an authorized user to be in a field of view ofthe device's front facing camera and that the user is looking at thedevice. To determine whether this criterion is met, device 1500 analyzesimage data that was captured with camera 1502 before, during, or afterthe gesture input corresponding to contact 1612 was received. Forexample, the image data is optionally captured in response to the startor end of a gesture, in response to a determination that an actionshould be performed, in response to some predetermined interval forcapturing image data, or based on other factors that allow for theassociation of the request action with captured image data. Once theimage data is captured, the data is analyzed to determine if anauthorized face is detected in the captured image data. For example,data representing any combination of visible light, non-visible light,depth, or any other types of image data are analyzed to determine ifthere is a face in the captured image data. If a face is detected, thecaptured image data is further analyzed to determine if the face belongsto an authorized user. For example, features of the face detected in thecaptured image data may be compared to features from a database thatstores data for one or more faces of authorized users that werepreviously enrolled with device 1500. If the face belongs to anauthorized user, device 1500 further analyzes the captured image data todetermine if the authorized user is looking at device 1500. If it isdetermined that the authorized user is looking at device 1500 whendelete button was selected, as described above, then the delete functionis performed.

FIG. 16F depicts an example response of email user interface 1600 to theabove example. FIG. 16F depicts email user interface 1600 after contact1612 is no longer touching touch-sensitive screen 1501 as depicted inFIG. 16E. Scene 1620, which corresponds to FIG. 15A, represents thestatus of the user when device 1500 captures image data with camera1502. Specifically, captured image data from camera 1502 that representsscene 1620 will show a face of an authorized user who is looking atdevice 1500 when the request is received to delete the email messagecorresponding to graphical representation 1603. Because the set of oneor more criteria was a single criterion that requires the face of anauthorized user to be looking at device 1500 when the delete request wasreceived, the set of one or more criteria is met based on device 1500′sanalysis of the captured image data. Accordingly, as depicted in FIG.16F, the email message corresponding to graphical representation 1603 isdeleted and is no longer displayed in email user interface 1600 andgraphical representation 1618 corresponding to a different email isadded to email user interface 1600. The result would be the same if thecamera captured a scene represented by FIG. 15F (e.g., FIG. 15F includesan authorized user that is looking at the display even though it alsoincludes an unauthorized user).

FIG. 16G depicts an example of when the above example set of one or morecriteria is not met. Specifically, as depicted in scene 1622 (whichcorresponds to FIG. 15B), while the captured image data shows the faceof an authorized user, the authorized user is not looking at the device.Accordingly, the set of one or more authorization criteria is not met.In this case, device 1500 will prompt the user to confirm that the userin fact wants to perform the requested action. For example, as depictedin FIG. 16G, device 1500 displays messaging 1624 prompting the user toconfirm that the email message corresponding to graphical representation1603 should be deleted. If the user confirms the deletion via deletebutton 1626, then device 1500 will delete the email message associatedwith graphical representation 1603 and update email user interface 1600,as depicted in FIG. 16F. If the user instead selects cancel button 1628,device 1500 will not perform the requested delete action and willinstead return email user interface 1600 to the state depicted in FIG.16A. This same confirmation process would result if any of the otherscenes represented in FIGS. 15C-15E were captured, as none of thesescenes includes an authorized user in the field of view of the camerawho is also looking at the device. In some embodiments, electronicdevice 1500 responds to the set of one or more criteria not being met ina different manner. For example, electronic device 1500 optionally canprompt the user to authentic via a password/pin prompt, request the userto provide fingerprint information, prompt the user to position theirface in view of the front facing camera, cause the device to enter alocked state, or just ignore the request.

While the set of one or more criteria above included only a singlecriterion, in other embodiments, the set of one or more criteriaincludes a different criterion or multiple criteria. As an example, theset of one or more criteria includes a criterion met when an authorizeduser's face is present in the captured image data (regardless of whetherthe authorized user is looking at the device). In another example, theset of one or more criteria includes a criterion that an authorizeduser's face is in the captured image data and no unauthorized orunrecognized users' faces are in the captured image data. In anotherexample, the set of one or more criteria only requires that the field ofview of the camera not be occluded. For example, this set would be metif the scene represented by FIG. 15E is captured but would not be met ifthe scene represented by FIG. 15C is captured.

While FIGS. 16A-16F depicts one example of method 1700 with respect toan email user interface, a similar process could be applied to anynumber of user interfaces, such as a photo album interface, othermessaging interfaces, a file manager interface, a music or videointerface, or any other interface. Similarly, while the example actiondiscussed above is a delete action, the same process can apply to anynumber of other actions or classes of actions. Examples of possibleactions include deleting content, erasing content, sending content,moving content, changing status of content (e.g., marking as read),discarding content, turning off the device, uninstalling an application,resetting an application, changing a setting of the device, changing asetting of an application or the OS on the device, or other actions.Examples of possible classes of actions include destructive actions,actions that send data to a remote device, actions that are potentiallyharmful to the device or its content, and actions that initiatecommunication with a remote user.

FIGS. 17A-17B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for restrictingexecution of operations based on a set of one or more authorizationcriteria. in accordance with some embodiments. Method 1700 is performedat a device (e.g., 100, 300, 500, 1500) with a display and a camera.Some operations in method 1700 are, optionally, combined, the order ofsome operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are,optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 1700 provides an intuitive way forrestricting execution of operations based on a set of one or moreauthorization criteria. The method reduces the cognitive burden on auser for restricting execution of operations based on a set of one ormore authorization criteria, thereby creating a more efficienthuman-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices,enabling a user to restrict execution of operations faster and moreefficiently conserves power and increases the time between batterycharges.

An electronic device (e.g., 1500) having a display (e.g., 1501) and acamera (e.g., 1502) and includes one or more visible light sensors, IRsensors, time of flight sensors, or combination of these and othersensors) displays (1702), on the display, a user interface (e.g., 1600)that includes a representation of content (e.g., 1602-1608). In someembodiments, the device is already in an unlocked state when the userinterface is displayed.

While displaying the user interface (e.g., 1600) that includes thegraphical representation (e.g., item 1603) (e.g., an icon, a thumbnail,or an item in a list) of content (e.g., the email message associatedwith item 1603), the electronic device receives (1704) first user input(e.g., 1612) (e.g., a touch input, such as a gesture on atouch-sensitive surface, a mechanical button input, such as aconventional keyboard, mouse input, voice input, or some other type ofinput) on the electronic device corresponding to a request (e.g., aspecific gesture, entry of a command, selecting of an affordance) forperforming a predefined action (e.g., deleting data, formatting memory,closing an application, powering off a device, uninstalling anapplication, declining to save data) on the content. In someembodiments, the content is an email message, a contact, or a photo.

In response to receiving (1706) the first user input and in accordancewith a determination, based on captured image data captured by thecamera (e.g., 1502) (e.g., using image analysis, such as facialrecognition using visible light data, IR light data, depth image data,and/or other data stored in the captured image data), that a set ofauthorization criteria is met, the electronic device performs (1708) thepredefined action (e.g., deleting, erasing, marking read, navigatingthrough, or moving content) (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 16F). Theauthorization criteria include a criterion that is met when the capturedimage data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present infront of the camera and was looking at the display at the time that theuser input was received (e.g., FIG. 15A). In some embodiments, the setof authorization criteria includes one or more criterion. In someembodiments, examples of authorization criteria include an authorizeduser is using the electronic device, include an authorized user islooking at the electronic device, an authorized user is using the devicewithout an unauthorized user (or, in some examples, any other user) alsousing the device, an authorized user is using the device without anunauthorized user (or, in some examples, any other user) looking at thedevice (or in some examples, near the device), an unauthorized user isnot using the device, an authorized user has used the device within athreshold amount of time). In accordance with a determination, based onthe captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is notmet, the electronic device forgoes (1710) performance of the predefinedaction (FIG. 16G).

Determining whether an authorized user is in front of and looking theelectronic device ensures that actions are not inadvertently performedby errant inputs and are not performed by people unauthorized to use thedevice. This provides for data security and data privacy by ensuringthat the device is being used in an authorized manner and an authorizedperson prior to allow access to data. Additionally, by having theauthentication and verification performed based on captured image data,the interface of the electronic device is improved by requiring feweruser inputs to authenticate and verify actions performed on the device.By ensuring that the user is looking at the display of the electronicdevice, there is a higher chance that a false positive could occur. Forexample, if a user is present in captured image data, it may appear thatthe user is using the electronic device, but the presence of the userdoes not guarantee that the user is actually using the electronicdevice. Instead, the user's attention could be elsewhere. Determiningwhether the user is present in the captured image data and actuallylooking at the display of the electronic device increases theprobability that the user is actually using the electronic device. Thisimproves the security of the data on the device and ensures that actionsare not performed inadvertently when the user is not actually using theelectronic device.

In some embodiments the electronic device captures (1718) the capturedimage data (e.g., image data corresponding to scene 1620) with thecamera at a time that corresponds to a time at which the first userinput was received. In some embodiments, the image data is capturedbefore receiving the user input (e.g., 1612), the image data is capturedafter receiving the user input, in response to receiving the user input,in response to a determination that the user input corresponds to arequest for a destructive action to data (e.g., action corresponding totrash button 1614), some combination of the forgoing, or at some othertime based on other factors.

In some embodiments, the predefined action is a destructive action. Insome embodiments, the predefined action (1712) is for deleting orerasing the content from the electronic device or elsewhere. In someembodiments, the predefined action is for removing an account associatedwith the content from the electronic device. In some embodiments, thepredefined action is a request to erase or delete the content (e.g.,action corresponding to trash button 1614). In some embodiments,deleting data includes removing access to data on storage and erasing isremoving the data from storage. In some embodiments, the predefinedaction includes navigating to a particular view of the user interfaceassociated with the content. In some embodiments, the user interface isa map application and the user interface navigation operationcorresponds to a request to move the displayed map, change a navigationdirection, stop providing navigation instructions, or perform othernavigation operations. In some embodiments, the user interface is aphotos application and the user interface navigation operation is arequest to switch photos, photo albums, delete photos, edit photos, orperform other photo edit operations. Requiring a user to be present infront of a device and/or looking at the device before a destructiveaction is performed enhances the operation of the device. For example,this technique improves data reliability by preventing inadvertentactions that would otherwise remove wanted content from the device. Thisimproves the availability of needed data on the device and reduces thecognitive burden of the user associated with having to search for datathat was inadvertently deleted or removed. Providing for better datareliability and security enhances the operability of the device andmakes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping avoidunintended results) which, additionally, reduces power usage andimproves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use thedevice more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments the display is a touch-sensitive display (e.g.,display 1501) and the first user input is a gesture (e.g., 1612) on thetouch-sensitive display. For example, the user input is a swipe on anobject (e.g., 1612 in FIGS. 16A-16E), tap of an affordance, such as aconfirmation, delete, or remove affordance, or other types of gestures.Devices with touch-sensitive displays specifically benefit from theabove method. For example, touch-sensitive display on the electronicdevice can be inadvertently activated and actions inadvertentlyperformed when electronic devices with such screens are placed inpockets, exposed to water, and in other circumstances. By verifying thata user of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display is infront of the device and/or looking at the device, the electronic deviceis improved by reducing the number of inadvertent actions.

In some embodiments, the determination (based on the captured imagedata) that the set of authorization criteria is not met includes adetermination that the captured image data does not indicate that theface of the authorized user was present in front of the camera (e.g.,FIGS. 15C, 15D, and 15E) or that the authorized user was not looking atthe display at the time that the user input was received (e.g., scene1622). Ensuring that an authorized user is present in image datacaptured by the electronic device increases the security of data on theelectronic device by preventing certain actions when it is more likelythat an authorized user is not responsible for the requested action.Ensuring that an authorized user is looking at the electronic deviceprovides another level of security by ensuring that the authorized isnot only present but is also paying attention to the electronic device.This prevents actions, such as destructive actions, requested byunauthorized users who happen to be near an authorized user and preventsperformance of inadvertent actions that are requested by accident whenthe authorized user is not actively pay attention to the electronicdevice. Further, by implementing this improved data security usingcaptured image data, the electronic device is improved by providing forenhanced data security without requiring additional user inputs oradding complexity to the user interface.

In some embodiments, in response to receiving the first user input andin accordance with the determination, based on the captured image data,that the set of authorization criteria is not met, the electronic deviceprompts the user to authenticate (e.g., 1624). In some embodiments, inresponse to receiving the first user input and in accordance with thedetermination, based on the captured image data, that the set ofauthorization criteria is not met, the electronic device prompts theuser to authenticate by looking at the camera (e.g., 1624). In someembodiments, the predefined action is launching an application ornavigating to a new photo graph within a photo application. If theauthorized user is not in front of the camera when the user input wasreceived or, alternatively, if the authorized user was not looking atthe display at the time the user input was received, then the deviceprompts the user to authenticate by looking at the camera of the device.In some embodiments, the user is prompted to enter a pin code orpassword or provide other authenticating information, such as afingerprint. In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination(based on the captured image data) that the set of authorizationcriteria is not met, the electronic device switches into a locked state.In some embodiments, the predefined action is launching an applicationor navigating to a new photo graph within a photo application. If anauthorized user is not in front of the camera when the user input wasreceived or, alternatively, if the authorized user was not looking atthe display at the time the user input was received, then the device isswitched to a lock mode that restricts the operation of the device toprotect the data on the electronic device and prevent further attemptsto access data on the electronic device. Prompting the user to confirmthat an action should be performed when authorization criteria are notmet provides for the data reliability and security benefits describedabove while also providing for an easy process for overriding thedevice's determination that the requested action should not be performed(e.g., when the lighting conditions are not sufficient for the device todetect the user in captured image data or the user's appearance haschanged so that the device no longer recognizes the user). Thistechnique enhances the operability of the device and makes theuser-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user toachieve an intended result by providing a way of overriding the device'sdetermination and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting withthe device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improvesbattery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device morequickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination (based on thecaptured image data) that the set of authorization criteria is not met,electronic device displays (1714) a confirmation interface (e.g., 1624)for the predefined action. In some embodiments, the predefined action islaunching an application or navigating to a new photo graph within aphoto application. If the authorized user is not in front of the camerawhen the user input was received or, alternatively, if the authorizeduser was not looking at the display at the time the user input wasreceived, then the device prompts the user to confirm that thepredefined action should be performed.

In some embodiments, the user interface includes a list of graphicalelements (FIG. 16A) (e.g., a list in a vertical or horizontal column ora grid) representing a plurality of data objects (e.g., in someembodiments, the list displays a plurality of email graphical elements,such as a box containing email information (sender, subject, time,and/or other information) or a plurality of photo elements, such asthumbnails or photo album covers). The representation of the content isone of the graphical elements and the content is an associated dataobject (e.g., an email message, a photo, or a photo album) of theplurality of data objects.

In some embodiments, the electronic device receives (1720) second userinput on the representation of the content that exceeds an intensitythreshold (e.g., display a menu with the affordance and optionally withother various affordances is displayed, such as an affordancecorresponding to a request to share information associated with thecontent or the content itself or an affordance corresponding to arequest to perform a certain function associated with the content). Theelectronic device, subsequent to receiving the second input, restricts(1722) access to the content (e.g., storing an indication on theelectronic device that that accessing the content requires that a set ofaccess criteria be met), by requiring that captured image data indicatesthat the face of an authorized user is present in front of the cameraand is looking at the display in order for the content to be accessed inresponse to the second user input (e.g., in the case of the contentbeing a photo, if a security flag is associated with the photo, when anyattempt to access the photo, such as viewing, sharing, or deleting thephoto, the electronic device will verify that an authorized user islooking at the display of the device before the access is allowed). Insome embodiments, in response to receiving the second input, theelectronic device displays an affordance corresponding to a request tomark an associated icon, application or function for enhanced security.The electronic device stores the indication of enhanced security on theelectronic device in response to selection of the affordance. In someembodiments, in response to receiving the first user input, theelectronic devices whether the indication of enhanced security ispresent for the content. Allowing a user to enable enhanced security forcontent and/or actions on the device based on a contact that reaches anintensity threshold reduces the likelihood that a user willinadvertently apply enhanced security to content and/or actions bymistake. Additionally, the intensity threshold still allows the user toquickly apply the enhanced security with a minimum number ofinteractions with the device. The above enhances the operability of thedevice and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., byhelping the user to achieve an intended result with minimal interactionsand reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device)which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life ofthe device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In some embodiments, the set of authorization criteria (1716) furtherincludes a criterion that a face in the captured image data correspondsto one or more authorized faces previously registered with the device.In some embodiments, an enrollment process was previously used tocapture, analyze, and store information for a face of an authorizeduser.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 17A-17B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1000, 1300, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1700 described above withrespect to FIGS. 17A-17B. For example, the authorization criteria and adetermination of whether the criteria are met based on captured imagedata described above with reference to method 1700 optionally has one ormore of the characteristics of the sets ofauthorization/alert/content-lock criteria and determinations of whetherthose criteria are met described herein with reference to other methodsdescribed herein (e.g., methods 700, 1900, 2100). For brevity, thesedetails are not repeated here.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 17A-17B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, receiving the first input is,optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, andevent handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects acontact on touch-sensitive surface 604, and event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respective eventrecognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions 186, and determines whether a first contactat a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to apredefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a userinterface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with thedetection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionallyutilizes or calls data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update theapplication internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by theapplication. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinaryskill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on thecomponents depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIGS. 18A-18L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for enhanced securityof functions associated with graphical elements of a user interface.FIGS. 19A-19B are a flow diagram illustrating methods for enhancedsecurity of functions associated with graphical elements of a userinterface in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces inFIGS. 18A 18L illustrate the processes described below, including theprocesses in FIGS. 17A-17B.

FIG. 18A depicts device 1500 (see FIGS. 15A-15F), which in some examplesis a specific form factor for device 100, device 300, or device 500described above. Device 1500 includes display 1501, which is atouch-sensitive display, and camera 1502 (described with respect toFIGS. 15A-15F). Additionally, in some embodiments of device 1500,additional sensors and/or other components (e.g., flash or IR emitter)are present along with camera 1502.

In FIG. 18A, device 1500 is displaying home screen interface 1800 thatincludes graphical elements in the form of icons 1801-1812. Icons1801-1807 and 1809-1812 correspond to applications on device 1500. Forexample, icon 1802 corresponds to a camera application and icon 1805corresponds to a banking application. Icon 1808 corresponds to a foldercontaining additional icons corresponding to other applications ondevice 1500 (see FIG. 18J). In response to user input selecting (e.g., atap gesture) one of the icons corresponding to an application, device1500 interprets the user input as a request to display the correspondingapplication by either executing the application or bringing theapplication to the foreground if the application was previously executedbut is now in the background.

In FIG. 18B, gesture input is received on touch-sensitive display 1501in the form of contact 1814 on icon 1805. If the gesture input is a tapgesture, then the banking application that corresponds to icon 1805 isdisplayed. On the other hand, if the gesture input meets criteria, suchas contact intensity criteria as described with respect to FIGS. 18C and18D or contact time criteria, other actions are performed with respectto icon 1805, such as displaying a menu for functions associated withicon 1805, or the application corresponding to icon 1805, as depicted inFIG. 18E.

FIG. 18C depicts the response of user interface 1800 to contact 1814meeting a first contact intensity threshold criteria. Specifically,indication 1816 is displayed to indicate that contact 1814 has reachedthe first threshold. Additionally, the rest of user interface 1800 isoptionally changed (e.g., blurred or grayed out) to indicate that thecontact intensity has passed the first threshold and corresponds to icon1805.

FIG. 18D depicts the response of user interface 1800 to contact 1814meeting a second contact intensity threshold that is greater than thefirst threshold. Specifically, menu 1818 is displayed for icon 1805.Menu 1818 includes two affordances: share button 1820 and lock button1822.

Subsequent to contact 1814 meeting or surpassing the second thresholdand after contact 1814 ceases to be in contact with touch-sensitivedisplay 1501, menu 1818 remains displayed to enable a user to select oneof the menu buttons. In some embodiments, in response to user input(e.g., a tap gesture) selecting share button 1820, an additional menu isdisplayed providing options for sharing the application corresponding toicon 1805 or data associated with the application.

In response to user input (e.g., a tap gesture represented by contact1824 of FIG. 18F) selecting lock button 1822, data is stored on device1500 indicating that the function, application, or other data associatedwith icon 1805 is subject to enhanced security. For example, in the caseof FIG. 18F, a security flag or other data is stored to indicate thatdisplay of the banking application corresponding to icon 1805 is subjectto enhanced security.

FIG. 18G depicts user interface 1800 after selection of lock button 1822of FIG. 18F. Specifically, lock indication 1826 is now displayed withicon 1805 to indicate to the user that a function associated with icon1805 is subject to enhanced security.

FIG. 18H depicts user interface 1800 after device 1500 has received userinput indicating that a function associated with icon 1808 correspondingto the “SOCIAL” folder is subject to enhanced security. For example, thesame or a similar process described with respect to assigning enhancedsecurity for a function associated with icon 1805 is also applied toicon 1808. In FIG. 18H, lock indication 1828 is displayed with icon 1808to indicate to the user that a function associated with icon 1808 issubject to enhanced security.

In FIG. 18I, gesture input in the form of contact 1830 is received onicon 1808. If the gesture input is a tap gesture, device 1500 determineswhether the requested function associated with icon 1808 (e.g.,displaying the contents of the folder) is subject to enhanced security.For example, if a security flag or other security indication stored ondevice 1500 (e.g., in a database or elsewhere) is present for icon 1808or the corresponding folder, then device 1500 determines that therequested function is subject to enhanced security and performs furtheranalysis as described below before determining whether to perform therequested function. Otherwise, device 1500 determines that the requestedfunction is not subject to enhanced security and performs the requestedfunction (e.g., device 1500 displays the contents of folder 1808 asdepicted in FIG. 18J).

In response to determining that the requested function is subject toenhanced security device, device 1500 analyzes image data captured withcamera 1502. Device 1500 further determines whether a set of one or moreauthorization criteria is met based on the analysis of the capturedimage data. For example, if the set of one or more authorization is asingle criterion that requires the face of an authorized user in be inthe captured image data, device 1500 will analyze the captured imagedata to determine whether the face of an authorized user is present. Ifthe face of an authorized user is present (e.g., as represented by scene1832 of FIG. 18J corresponding to FIG. 15B), device 1500 will performthe requested function, as depicted in FIG. 18J (e.g., display contents1834 of the selected folder, which includes icons 1836-1838 in FIG.18J). If the face of the authorized user is not present (e.g., asrepresented by scene 1840 of FIG. 18K corresponding to FIG. 15D), device1500 will prompt the user to perform additional authentication, asdepicted in FIG. 18K. Specifically, FIG. 18K depicts message 1842 thatprompts the user to authenticate in order to complete the requestedfunction. If the user selects OK button 1844, the device 1500 causestouch-sensitive display 1501 to display authentication interface 1848,as depicted in FIG. 18L. If the user selects CANCEL button 1846, device1500 returns user interface 1800 to the state depicted in FIG. 18H.

In some embodiments, electronic device 1500 responds to the set of oneor more authorization criteria not being met in a different manner. Forexample, electronic device 1500 optionally prompts the user to authenticvia a specific method (e.g., fingerprint), prompts the user to positiontheir face in view of the front facing camera, causes the device toenter a locked state, or ignores the request to perform the function.

While the set of one or more authorization criteria above included onlya single criterion the face of an authorized user in be in the capturedimage data, in other embodiments, the set of one or more authorizationcriteria includes a different criterion or multiple criteria. As anexample, the set of one or more authorization criteria includes acriterion met when an authorized user's face is present in the capturedimage data and the authorized user is looking at the device. In anotherexample, the set of one or more authorization criteria includes acriterion that an authorized user's face is in the captured image dataand no unauthorized or unrecognized users' faces are in the capturedimage data (e.g., the scene represented in FIG. 15F would not meet thiscriterion). In another example, the set of one or more authorizationcriteria only requires that the field of view of the camera not includea face of any unauthorized users (e.g., the scenes represented by FIGS.15A-15C and 15E would meet this meet this criterion).

While FIGS. 18A-18L depicts one example with respect to displaying anapplication or the contents of a folder from a home screen, a similarprocess could be applied to any number of user interfaces, such as aphoto album interface, messaging interfaces, a file manager interface, amusic or video interface, or any other interface. Similarly, while theexample function discussed above is a display or view action, the sameprocess can apply to any number of other actions. Examples of possibleactions include deleting content, erasing content, sending content,moving content, changing status of content (e.g., marking a read),discarding content, turning off the device, uninstalling an application,resetting an application, changing a setting of the device, changing asetting of an application or the OS on the device, or other actions.

FIGS. 19A-19B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for enhancedsecurity of functions associated with graphical elements of a userinterface in accordance with some embodiments. Method 1700 is performedat a device (e.g., 100, 300, 500, 1500) with a display and a camera.Some operations in method 1900 are, optionally, combined, the order ofsome operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are,optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 1900 provides an intuitive way for enhancedsecurity of functions associated with graphical elements of a userinterface. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user forenhanced security of functions associated with graphical elements of auser interface, thereby creating a more efficient human-machineinterface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user toenhance security of functions associated with graphical elements of auser interface faster and more efficiently conserves power and increasesthe time between battery charges.

An electronic device (e.g., 1500) having a display (e.g. 1501) and acamera (e.g., 1502) (e.g., a camera that includes one or more visiblelight sensors, IR sensors, time of flight sensors, or combination ofthese and other sensors) displays (1902), on the display, a graphicaluser interface element (e.g., 1808) (e.g., an application icon, a foldericon, an affordance, content) representing a function (e.g., execute anapplication, bring a running application to the foreground, view thecontents of a folder, change the value of a setting, view content,navigate away from content). In some embodiments, the device is alreadyin an unlocked state (e.g., FIG. 18A).

While displaying the graphical user interface element on the display,the electronic device receives (1904) first user input (e.g., a touchinput (e.g., 1830), such as a gesture on a touch-sensitive surface, amechanical button input, such as on a conventional keyboard, mouseinput, voice input, or some other type of input) corresponding to arequest to execute the function.

In response to receiving (1906) the first user input (e.g., 1830) and inaccordance with a determination that the function (e.g., the functionassociated with icon 1808) is subject to enhanced security (e.g., thefunction is associated with a security flag or a setting indicating thatauthorization criteria should be checked prior to executing thefunction) and that a set of authorization criteria is met, includingthat captured image data (e.g., visible light data, IR light data, timeof flight data, depth data, or combination of these or other types ofdata captured from the camera on the electronic device) indicates thatthe face of an authorized user was present in front of the camera at thetime that the user input was received (e.g., FIGS. 15A-15B and 15F), theelectronic device executes (1908) the function (e.g., displaying 1834 inFIG. 18J). In some embodiments, the set of authorization criteriaincludes one criterion or more than one criterion. In some embodiments,examples of authorization criteria include an authorized user is usingthe electronic device, include an authorized user is looking at theelectronic device, an authorized user is using the device without anunauthorized user (or, in some examples, any other user) also using thedevice, an authorized user is using the device without an unauthorizeduser (or, in some examples, any other user) looking at the device (or insome examples, near the device), an unauthorized user is not using thedevice, an authorized user has used the device within a threshold amountof time. Determining whether an authorized user is in front of andlooking the electronic device ensures that actions are not inadvertentlyperformed by errant inputs and are not performed by people unauthorizedto use the device. This provides for better data security and dataprivacy. Additionally, by having the authentication and verificationperformed based on captured image data, the interface of the electronicdevice is improved by requiring fewer user inputs to authenticate andverify actions performed on the device. Further, by applying the enhancesecurity function on an element-by-element basis, the computingrequirements of the electronic device thereby making the electronicdevice more efficient, which, for example, improves battery life. Inaccordance with a determination that the function is subject to enhancedsecurity and that the set of authorization criteria is not met, theelectronic device forgoes (1910) execution of the function (e.g., FIG.18K). In accordance with a determination that the function is notsubject to enhanced security, the electronic device executes (1912) thefunction without regard to whether or not the set of authorizationcriteria are met (e.g., FIG. 18J)

In some embodiments, the electronic device captures the captured imagedata (e.g., image data corresponding to scene 1832) with the one or moreimage sensors at a time that corresponds to a time at which the firstuser input was received. In some embodiments, the image data is capturedbefore receiving the user input, the image data is captured afterreceiving the user input, in response to receiving the user input, inresponse to a determination that the user input corresponds to a requestfor a destructive action to data, some combination of the forgoing, orat some other time based on other factors. Capturing image data at thetime the first user input was received increases the likelihood that theuser responsible for the first user input is present in the capturedimage data. Increasing the chance that the captured image data includesthe user providing the first user input enhances the operability of thedevice and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., byallowing the device to determine whether captured image data of the userresponsible for the first user input meets authorization criteria andavoid inadvertent or unauthorized actions when operating/interactingwith the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improvesbattery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device morequickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the set of authorization criteria (1916) furtherincludes a criterion that the captured image data indicates that theauthorized user is looking at the display at the time that the firstuser input was received (e.g., FIG. 15A). By ensuring that the user islooking at the display of the electronic device, there is a higherchance that a false positive could occur. For example, if a user ispresent in captured image data, it may appear that the user is using theelectronic device, but the presence of the user does not guarantee thatthe user is actually using the electronic device. Instead, the user'sattention could be elsewhere. Determining whether the user is present inthe captured image data and actually looking at the display of theelectronic device increases the probability that the user is actuallyusing the electronic device. This improves the security of the data onthe device and ensures that actions are not performed inadvertently whenthe user is not actually using the electronic device.

In some embodiments, the graphical user interface element (1914) is agraphical representation of an application (e.g., an application icon,icon 1805) and the function is starting the application or bringing theapplication not in the foreground to the foreground. Applying enhancedsecurity to an application allows better protection of the data (localand remote) that is accessible through the application. Providingenhanced security for the user enhances the operability of the deviceand makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping theuser to achieve an intended result by better protecting access tosensitive data and reducing user mistakes when operating/interactingwith the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improvesbattery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device morequickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the graphical user interface element (1918) is agraphical representation of a folder (e.g., 1808) (e.g., a folder icon)and the function is displaying the contents of the folder correspondingto the user interface element (e.g., FIG. 18J). In some embodiments, theelectronic device displays a graphical user interface (e.g., 1800)(e.g., a home screen of the electronic device) and the graphical userinterface element is an icon for a folder. For example, the folder cancontain icons for one or more applications (e.g., 1836-1838) or one ormore data items, such as photos, text documents, emails, music, video,etc. Before the contents of the folder are display in response to, forexample, selecting the folder icon via a touch on a touch-sensitivesurface, the set of authentication criteria are checked as describedabove. If the authentication criteria are met, then the contents of thefolder are displayed. If the authentication criteria are not met thenthe contents of folder are not shown. In some embodiments, the graphicaluser interface element is alternatively an application icon. Beforelaunching or switching to (if the application has already been executed)the corresponding application in response to, for example, a gesture ona touch-sensitive surface selecting the application icon, the set ofauthentication criteria are checked as described above. If theauthentication criteria are met, then the application is launched if, orthe application is brought to the foreground if the application waspreviously launched. If the authentication criteria are not met then theapplication is not launched and it is not brought to the foreground evenif the application was previously launched. Applying enhanced securityto a folder allows for more efficient protection of sensitiveapplications and content by grouping them together. Providing enhancedsecurity for the user enhances the operability of the device and makesthe user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user toachieve an intended result by better protecting access to sensitive dataand reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device)which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life ofthe device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In some embodiments, the determination (based on the captured imagedata) that the set of authorization criteria is not met includes adetermination that the captured image data does not indicate that theface of the authorized user was present in front of the camera at thetime that the user input was received (e.g., FIGS. 15C-15E).

In some embodiments, in accordance with the determination (based on thecaptured image data) that the set of authorization criteria is not met,the electronic device prompts the user to authentic (e.g., 1842) and,optionally, displays an authentication interface (e.g., 1848). In someembodiments, in accordance with the determination (based on the capturedimage data) that the set of authorization criteria is not met, theelectronic device switches to a locked state. In some embodiments, if aset of one or more authorization criteria are not met, for example bythe absence of an authorized user in captured image data or failure ofsome other criterion, then the electronic device switches to a lockedstated that limits the functionality of electronic device as compared tothe electronic device in a unlocked state.) In some embodiments, inaccordance with the determination (based on the captured image data)that the set of authorization criteria is not met, the electronic deviceprompts the user to authenticate by positioning the user's face in thecamera field of view. In some embodiments, if a set of one or moreauthorization criteria are not met, for example by the absence of anauthorized user in captured image data or failure of some othercriterion, then the electronic device displays a message box instructingthe user to places the user's face in the field of view of the camera.In some embodiments, the message box also instructs the user to look atthe camera. Prompting the user to authenticate when authorizationcriteria are not met provides for the data security and protectionbenefits described above while also providing for an easy to solution tooverride the device's determination that the requested action should notbe performed (e.g., when the lighting conditions are not sufficient forthe device to detect the user in captured image data or the user'sappearance has changed so that the device no longer recognizes theuser). This technique enhances the operability of the device and makesthe user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user toachieve an intended result by providing a way of overriding the device'sdetermination and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting withthe device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improvesbattery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device morequickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the electronic device receives (1920) second userinput on the graphical user interface element that exceeds an intensitythreshold. In response, for example, a menu (e.g., 1818) is displayedwith various affordances (e.g., 1820 and 1822) is displayed, such as anaffordance corresponding to a request a corresponding icon orapplication be subject to enhance security (e.g., 1820), an affordancecorresponding to a request to share information (e.g., 1822) associatedwith the content or the content itself, or an affordance correspondingto a request to perform a certain function associated with the content.The electronic device, subsequent to receiving the second input, stores(1922) an indication on the electronic device that a function associatedwith the graphical user interface element is subject to enhancedsecurity (e.g., in the case of the content being a photo, if a securityflag associated with the photo, when any attempt to access the photo,such as viewing, sharing, or deleting the photo, the electronic devicewill verify that an authorized user is looking at the display of thedevice before the access is allowed). Optionally, the electronic devicealso cause to be displayed an indicator (e.g., 1826) to show that theicon or content/application associated with the icon is subject toenhanced security. Allowing a user to enable enhanced security forcontent and/or actions on the device based on a contact that reaches anintensity threshold reduces the likelihood that a user willinadvertently apply enhanced security to content and/or actions bymistake. Additionally, the intensity threshold still allows the user toquickly apply the enhanced security with a minimum number ofinteractions with the device. The above enhances the operability of thedevice and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., byhelping the user to achieve an intended result with minimal interactionsand reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device)which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life ofthe device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In some embodiments, in response to receiving the second input, theelectronic device stores the indication on the electronic device occursin response to selection of the affordance corresponding to the requestfor enhanced security.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 19A-19B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1000, 1300, 1700, 2100, 2300, 2500, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1900 described above withrespect to FIGS. 19A-19B. For example, the set of authorization criteriaand a determination of whether the set of authorization criteria is metdescribed above with reference to method 1900 optionally has one or moreof the characteristics of the set of authorization/alert/content-lockcriteria and the determination of whether these criteria are metdescribed herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1700, 2100). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 19A-19B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, receiving first user input is,optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, andevent handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects acontact on touch-sensitive surface 604, and event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respective eventrecognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions 186, and determines whether a first contactat a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to apredefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a userinterface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with thedetection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionallyutilizes or calls data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update theapplication internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by theapplication. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinaryskill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on thecomponents depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIGS. 20A-20C illustrate exemplary user interfaces for responding to analert condition detected at device 1500. FIGS. 20D-20F illustrate scenesdepicting examples of responding to an alert condition detected acrossmultiple devices. FIGS. 21A-21B is a flow diagram illustrating methodsfor responding to an alert condition. The user interfaces in FIGS. 20A20C and scenes in FIGS. 20D-20F illustrate the processes describedbelow, including the processes in FIGS. 21A-21B.

FIG. 20A depicts device 1500 (see, e.g., FIGS. 15A-15F), which in someexamples is a specific form factor for device 100, device 300, or device500 described above. Device 1500 includes display 1501, which in someembodiments is a touch-sensitive display, and camera 1502 (describedwith respect to FIGS. 15A-15F). Additionally, in some embodiments ofdevice 1500, additional sensors and/or other components (e.g., flash orIR emitter) are present along with camera 1502.

In FIG. 20A, device 1500 is displaying lock interface 2000 on display1501. Device 1500 displays lock interface 2000 when device 1500 is in alocked stated. In some embodiments, when device 1500 is in a lockedstate, the functionality of device 1500 is restricted as compared to thefull functionality of device 1500. In one example, when in a lock state,device 1500 allows for access to the camera program and for emergencycalls but access to all other functionality is disabled or prevented.Although lock interface 2000 is used as an example, the processesdescribed here to respond to alert conditions can also be applied toother interfaces, such as a home screen interface or applicationinterfaces.

When device 1500 detects an alert condition, device 1500 determines howto respond to the alert condition based on analysis of captured imagedata (e.g., image data captured from camera 1502). In some embodiments,the alert condition corresponds to an event that occurred on device1500. Examples of events include receiving notifications (e.g., socialmedia or news notifications), alarms/timers being triggered (e.g., basedon a time or location), and receiving communications requests (e.g.,audio/video communication requests). An example of an alert condition isan alert that is generated from the occurrence of any of these exampleevents. In the case of the example depicted in FIGS. 20A-20C, the alertcondition corresponds to an alert generated from receipt of a newmessage at device 1500.

After detecting the occurrence of the alert condition corresponding tothe receipt of the message, device 1500 determines how to respond to thealert condition based on captured image data and whether a set of one ormore alert criteria are met. If the set of one or more alert criteriaare met, device 1500 responds in a first manner (e.g., displaying orcommunicating the alert using a predetermined technique). If the set ofone or more alert criteria are not met, device 1500 responds in a secondmanner (e.g., forgoing display or communication of the alert).

In one example, the set of one or more alert criteria includes criterionthat is met when an authorized user's face is present in the capturedimage data and the captured image data indicates that the authorizeduser is looking at the device (this is, in some embodiments, processedas two criteria), which corresponds to the scene in FIG. 15A. If device1500 determines that, based on analysis of the captured image data, thatthis criterion is met, then device 1500 responds to the alert conditioncorresponding to the receipt of the message in a first manner, bydisplaying a notification on lock screen interface 2000, such asdepicted in FIG. 20B. In FIG. 20B, device 1500 causes notification 2002to be displayed. Notification 2002 includes notification summary area2004 and application identification area 2006. Notification summary area2004 includes remote user identification 2008 (e.g., a sender of themessage) and message summary 2010 (e.g., an excerpt of the message whenthe message is long or the entire message when the message is short).Application identification area 2006 includes application identification2012 (e.g., the application for which the received message is intended)and application icon 2014 (e.g., a graphical element correspond to theapplication identified by application identification 2012).

In the above example, if device 1500 determines that the captured imagedata indicates that a face of an authorized user is not present or thatthe face of an authorized user is present but that the authorized useris not looking at device 1500, then the set of one or more alertcriteria is not met. In this case, device 1500 responds to the alertcondition corresponding to receipt of the message in a second manner,different than the first manner, by displaying a different notificationon lock screen interface 2000, such as depicted in FIG. 20C. In. FIG.20C, device 1500 causes notification 2016 to be displayed, which issimilar to notification 2002 of FIG. 20B except notification 2016contains only application identification area 2006. In some embodiments,notification 2016 contains more (e.g., a sender or a time) or lessinformation (e.g., no identification of the application that correspondsto the received message).

In addition to a visible notification on device 1500 (such as those inFIGS. 20B and 20C), device 1500 may also respond to an alert conditionwith an audible or haptic alert. Additionally, other devices associatedwith the user may also detect alert conditions corresponding to the sameevent that occurred at device 1500. For example, in FIG. 20D, device1500 is responding to a detected alert condition corresponding toreceipt of a message by providing feedback 2018 (e.g., haptic or audiblefeedback). Additionally, watch 2020 and computer 2024 (which hasspeakers 2026) are responding to a similar alert condition correspondingto receipt of the same message by providing feedback 2022 (e.g., hapticor audible feedback) and audible feedback 2028, respectively. Theresponse depicted in FIG. 20D is based on a determination (e.g., bydevice 1500) that user 1506 is not looking device 1500 or, in someembodiments, any other device. Optionally, this determination is made aspart of the determination of whether the set of one or more alertcriteria are met or is made as part of a separate determination with oneor more different criteria (e.g., whether an authorized user is lookingat the device).

FIG. 20E depicts the same scene as in FIG. 20D, except that user 1506 isnow looking at device 1500. In response to device 1500 analyzingcaptured image data and determining that user 1506 is now looking atdevice 1500 or that user 1506 has been looking at device 1500 for apredetermined amount of time, device 1500 sends data to watch 2020 andcomputer 2024 indicating that user 1506 has seen the notification ondevice 1500 or that feedback 2020 and audible feedback 2028 should bereduced. In response, watch 2020 and computer 2024 reduce the intensity(e.g., volume or amplitude) of the feedback that is being provided, asdepicted in FIG. 20E. Alternatively, or after user 1506 has looked atdevice for a further threshold of time, device 1500 sends data to watch2020 and computer 2024 indicating that user 1506 has seen thenotification on device 1500 for a threshold amount of time or thatfeedback 2020 and audible feedback 2028 should be eliminated. Inresponse, watch 2020 and computer 2024 stop providing the feedback, asdepicted in FIG. 20F.

In some embodiments, device 1500 responds to the alert condition inother manners, such as changing the status of an item (e.g., marking anemail message read), sending a communication regarding the status of anitem (e.g., sending a read receipt), powering on the display (e.g.,turning on the display when the user is looking at the device or in thefield of view of the camera but not turning on the display if the useris not present in the field of view of the camera), or forwarding anotification of the alert to a different device.

FIGS. 21A-21B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for responding toan alert condition detected at an electronic device in accordance withsome embodiments. Method 2100 is performed at a device (e.g., 100, 300,500, 1500) with a display and a camera. Some operations in method 2100are, optionally, combined, the order of some operations are, optionally,changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 2100 provides an intuitive way for respondingto an alert condition detected at an electronic device. The methodreduces the cognitive burden on a user for responding to an alertcondition detected at an electronic device, thereby creating a moreefficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, enabling an electronic device to respond to an alert conditiondetected at an electronic device faster and more efficiently conservespower and increases the time between battery charges.

An electronic device (e.g., 1500) having a display (e.g., 1501), one ormore cameras 1502 (e.g., having a visible light sensor, IR sensor,and/or time of flight sensor) causes the display of a graphical userinterface (e.g., 2000) (e.g., an operating system home screen, a lockscreen, a photo viewing application, an email application, a web browserapplication, a map application, or a navigation application). Theelectronic device detects (2102) the occurrence of an alert condition(e.g., an incoming communication was received or timing or locationcriteria have been met for some operation such as a calendar event) thatcorresponds to an event that occurred at the device (e.g., a new messageis received (such as an email, text, or other message), a news item isavailable, a calendar event due or coming due, an alarm expired or wastrigged, or a social media notification has been received).

In response (2104) to detecting the occurrence of the alert conditionand in accordance with a determination (based on captured image data(e.g., using image analysis, such as facial recognition using visiblelight data, IR light data, depth image data, and/or other data stored inthe captured image data)) that a set of alert criteria is met, theelectronic device responds (2106) to the alert condition in a firstmanner (e.g., display of notification 2002). In some embodiments, theset of alert criteria requires that the captured image data indicatesthat a face of a user is present in front of the camera (e.g., 15A-15Band 15F). In some embodiments, the set of authorization criteriaincludes one criterion or more than one criterion. In some embodiments,examples of authorization criteria include an authorized user is usingthe electronic device, include an authorized user is looking at theelectronic device, an authorized user is using the device without anunauthorized user (or, in some examples, any other user) also using thedevice, an authorized user is using the device without an unauthorizeduser (or, in some examples, any other user) looking at the device (or insome examples, near the device), an unauthorized user is not using thedevice, an authorized user has used the device within a threshold amountof time), (e.g., displaying a banner over the graphical user interface(the banner optionally includes content of the notification, a source ofthe notification, an application associated with the notification,etc.), providing haptic feedback, providing audible feedback, anycombination of the forgoing, and/or other actions. In accordance with adetermination (based on the captured image data) that the set of alertcriteria is not met, the electronic device responds (2108) to the alertcondition in a second manner (e.g., display of notification 2016) (e.g.,forgoing providing any indication that the notification was received,displaying a banner for the notification without including any detailsabout the content and/or source of the notification) different than thefirst manner. In some embodiments, the first manner and the secondmanner are different in at least one step but also have other steps incommon. In some embodiments, the first manner and the second manner aredifferent in every step in that no steps are shared between the firstmanner and the second manner.

By determining whether the user is present before processing an alertcondition the man-machine interface is improved, data privacy isincreased, and the performance of the electronic device is increased.For example, determining whether a user is present in front of thedisplay of the electronic device before responding to an alertconditions ensures that an appropriate response (e.g., an appropriatenotification is displayed or other notification is provided). Forexample, if the user is present in the captured image data, displaying anotification banner informs the user of the alert condition with aminimal disruption to the user. In contrast, if the user is not presentin the captured image data, a haptic or audible notification may be moresuitable so that it is more likely that the user is notified of thealert condition. This provides for a more efficient and less distractingman-machine interface. As another example, by ensuring that a user ispresent before responding to an alert condition in a certain manner(e.g., displaying a notification banner) increases data privacy byensuring sensitive information is not displayed when the user is notpresent. Similarly, by avoiding turning on the display and displaying anotification, the performance of the electronic device is increased byreducing power consumption and lengthening battery life.

In some embodiments, after detecting the occurrence of the alertcondition, the electronic device captures (2110) the captured image data(e.g., image data of user 1506 of FIG. 20D) with the one or more imagesensors. In some embodiments, the image data is captured beforedetecting the alert condition, the image data is captured afterdetecting the alert condition, in response to detecting the alertcondition, in response to, some combination of the forgoing, or at someother time based on other factors. Capturing image data at the time thealert condition is detected allows for the device to process the alertbased on the most currently available information. This enhances theoperability of the device and makes the user-device interface moreefficient (e.g., by notifying the user in an appropriate manner andproviding for better data privacy based on what users are in thecaptured image data) which, additionally, reduces power usage andimproves battery life of the device by enabling not notifying the userin manners that are not useful.

In some embodiments, the set of alert criteria further includes acriterion that the captured image data indicates that an authorized useris using the device. In some embodiments, determining whether thecaptured image data indicates that an authorized user is using thedevice is based on whether the authorized user is present in thecaptured image data (e.g., presence of user 1506 of FIG. 20D). In someembodiments, determining whether the captured image data indicates thatan authorized user is using the device is based on a determination ofwhether authorized user is looking (e.g., FIG. 15B) at the display ofthe electronic device in the captured image data). Checking a criterionthat is met when an authorized user is using the device allows thedevice to process an alert condition in the most appropriate manner.This enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-deviceinterface more efficient (e.g., by reducing the cognitive burden on theuser by not providing a distracting notification when the user is usingthe device and providing more noticeable notifications when the user isnot using the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage andimproves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use thedevice more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the set of alert criteria further includes acriterion that the captured image data indicates that the user islooking at the display of the electronic device (e.g., FIG. 15B) (e.g.,based on an orientation of the face, whether the user's eyes are open,and/or gaze information indicating that the user's eyes are directedtoward the display of the device). Checking a criterion that is met whenan authorized user is looking at the device allows the device to processan alert condition in the most appropriate manner. This enhances theoperability of the device and makes the user-device interface moreefficient (e.g., by providing a less distracting, such as a non-audiblenotification, when the user is looking at the device and providing morenoticeable notifications when the user is not looking the device) which,additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of thedevice by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In some embodiments, responding to the alert condition in the firstmanner includes displaying a notification corresponding to the alertcondition (e.g., displaying a banner (e.g., notification 2002) withinformation, such as an associated application, an associated user, asummary of the alert condition, or data associated with the altercondition or its corresponding event) about the alert condition acrossthe top of the display over the graphical user interface and respondingto the alert condition in the second manner includes delaying display ofa notification corresponding to the alert condition until the set ofalert criteria are met (e.g., until the electronic device determinesthat captured image data indicates that an authorized user (or, in somecases, other users) are looking at the display of the electronicdevice). By basing the response of the electronic device on capturedimage data, the functionality and performance of the electronic deviceis improved by enhancing data privacy by only providing informationabout an alert condition when appropriate (e.g., when an authorized useris present) and by only expending computing resources in appropriateconditions (e.g., when someone is present to receive the information),which conserves battery power.

In some embodiments, the alert condition is receipt of an email or textmessage (e.g., the message associated with notification 2002) andresponding to the alert condition in the first manner includesdisplaying a notification (e.g., notification 2002) corresponding to thealert condition and marking the email or text message as read andprocessing the alert condition in the second manner includes displayinga notification corresponding to the alert condition and forgoing markingthe email or text message as read. For example, if the alert conditionis for an event corresponding to receipt of a new message (such as SMSmessage, instant message, or chat message), then, in a first manner, anotification is displayed for the new message and the new message ismarked as read but, in the second manner, a notification, either thesame or different than the notification of the first manner, isdisplayed for the new message without marking the message as read (e.g.,leaving the message marked as unread). By updating the status of areceived email or text message based on the captured image data, a usercan manage received messages without fewer user inputs (e.g., by simplylooking at the electronic device). This provides for a more efficientman-machine interface that allows a user to complete tasks quicker.

In some embodiments, responding to the alert condition in the firstmanner includes sending a message to a sender of the email or textmessage that the email or text message has been marked as read (e.g.,sending a “read receipt” to the sender indicating that the email or textmessage has been read by the recipient). Sending a message to a senderof a message when alert criteria are met allows for a more accuratemessage to be sent. This enhances the operability of the device andmakes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by providing formore accurate read notification and reducing the transmission ofinaccurate data in the form of read notifications when the correspondingmessage has not been read yet) which, additionally, reduces power usageand improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use thedevice more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the set of alert criteria includes a criterion thatthe captured image data indicates that the user looked at the display ofthe electronic device for at least a threshold amount of time (e.g.,FIGS. 20D-20F). For example, if the alert condition is for an eventcorresponding to receipt of a new message (e.g., message correspond tosummary 2004) (such as SMS message, instant message, or chat message),and, in a first manner, a notification for the event is displayed (e.g.,FIG. 20B) and if the user looks at the display for at least a thresholdamount of time while the notification is being displayed, then a messageindicating that the message has been read will be sent to the sender ofthe message (e.g., if the user looks at device 600 in FIG. 20B for athreshold amount of time and, optionally, the entire message isdisplayed, then device 600 sends a read receipt to the sender of themessage). As another example, if the alert condition is for an eventcorresponding to receipt of a new message and the graphical userinterface is a messaging program that corresponds to the new message, inthe first manner, the new message may be displayed and if it isdetermined based on captured image data that the user looked at thedisplay for at least a threshold period of time while the new message isdisplayed, a read notification message is sent to the sender of the newmessage. Sending the read notification when the user looks at thedisplay of the electronic device for a predetermined about of timewithout requiring further user input enhances the operability of thedevice. Waiting until the user looks at the display of the electronicdevice for a threshold amount of time before sending a read notificationimproves the reliability of the read notification by increasing thelikelihood that the user saw and read the alert.

In some embodiments, responding to the alert condition in the firstmanners includes the electronic device generating (2112) a notification(e.g., audio, visual, or haptic feedback, feedback 2018 of FIG. 20D)indicating that the alert condition has been detected and sending anotification to an external electronic device indicating that the userhas been notified of the alert condition (e.g., so that the otherdevices do not generate the same feedback or generated reduced feedback,such as only display feedback instead of providing audible or hapticfeedback). In some embodiments, processing the alert condition in thesecond manner includes the electronic device generating (2114) anotification indicating that the alert condition has been detectedwithout sending a notification to an external device indicating that theuser has been notified of the alert condition (e.g., if the user isassociated with multiple devices, such as a smart phone and a tabletcomputer, both the phone and the tablet may generate notifications forthe user that alert conditions on the respective devices related to thesame event have occurred). By indicating to other device whether theuser has looked at the alert, the user's interaction with the electronicdevice and other devices is simplified by being able to silence ordismiss an alert by simply looking at the electronic device. This placesless cognitive burden on the user and provides for an improvedman-machine interface.

In some embodiments, responding to the alert condition in the secondmanner includes the electronic device providing (2116) an audionotification (e.g., 2018 of FIG. 20D) (e.g., a ring tone, music, orother audible sound). In some embodiments, after processing providingthe audio notification and in accordance with a determination (based onsubsequent captured image data) that the user is looking at the displayof the electronic device (e.g., based on captured imaged data), theelectronic device reduces the volume of the audio notification (e.g.,2018 of FIG. 20E and, separately FIG. 20F). Providing audiblenotifications enables for a more noticeable notification to a user thatis not looking at or using a device, which enhances the operability ofthe device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., byalerting the user using haptic feedback when the feedback is likely tobe most effective) and additionally, reduces power usage and improvesbattery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device morequickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, responding to the alert condition in the secondmanner includes the electronic device providing (2118) a hapticnotification (e.g., 2018 of FIG. 20D) (e.g., a single buzz of the phoneor a series of buzzes). In some embodiments, after providing the hapticnotification, in accordance with a determination (based on subsequentcaptured image data) that the user is looking at the display of theelectronic device, the electronic device reduces the magnitude of thehaptic notification (e.g., 2018 of FIG. 20E and, separately FIG. 20F).Providing haptic notification enables a more noticeable notification toa user that is not looking at or using a device, which enhances theoperability of the device and makes the user-device interface moreefficient (e.g., by alerting the user using haptic feedback when thefeedback is likely to be most effective) and additionally, reduces powerusage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user touse the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, responding to the alert condition in the secondmanner includes the electronic device generating a first notificationindicating that the alert condition has been detected, the firstnotification (e.g., 2016 of FIG. 20C) including a first set ofinformation (e.g., 2012 and 2014) and, after generating the firstnotification and in accordance with a determination (based on subsequentcaptured image data captured by the camera) that the user is looking atthe display of the electronic device (e.g., FIG. 15A), the electronicdevice generating a second notification (e.g., 2002 of FIG. 20B)associated with the alert condition, the second notification including asecond set of information (e.g., 2004) not present in the first set ofinformation. For example, if a notification is display for a new messagereceived at the electronic device but the notification does not indicatewho sent the new message, then the sender of the new message isdisplayed after the user looks at the display of the electronic device.By providing additional information to the user after the user has metsome criteria, the man-machine interface is improved by requiring fewerinteractions from the user to access information. For example,displaying additional information about an alert automatically after theuser at looks at the display of the electronic device improves theoperation of the electronic device by providing for a more efficient andless burdensome man-machine interface.

In some embodiments, the alert condition includes a preset alarmcondition being met and wherein responding to the alert condition in thesecond manner includes outputting a notification (e.g., 2018 of FIG.20D) (e.g., a haptic, audio, and/or visual notification). Afterproviding the notification, in accordance with a determination (based onsubsequent captured image data) that the user is looking at the displayof the electronic device, the electronic device reduces the magnitude(e.g., FIGS. 20E and 20F) (e.g., modulating a parameter of theperceptual notification downwards or ceasing the perceptualnotification) of the notification. This enhances the electronic deviceby providing an improved man-machine interface that requires fewinteractions (or no interactions other than looking at the device) torespond to an alarm condition, which places less cognitive burden on theuser.

In some embodiments, the event (2122) is a preset alarm being triggered.In response to determining that the user looks at the display of theelectronic device, the electronic device snoozes the alarm (e.g.,ceasing to provide a notification that the alarm was triggered andresetting the alarm to trigger some period of time in the future orcausing a different alarm to trigger at some period of time in thefuture). Snoozing an alarm when the device determines that the user islooking at the display of the device enhances the operability of thedevice by reducing false positives (e.g., inadvertent activation of thesnooze function) and makes the user-device interface more efficient(e.g., by helping the user to achieve an intended result with minimalinteraction) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improvesbattery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device morequickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, after processing the alert condition in the secondmanner (e.g., FIG. 20C) and in response to determining that the userlooks at the display of the electronic device, the electronic deviceprocesses (2124) the alert condition in the first manner (e.g., FIG.20B). For example, if the user is initially not looking at theelectronic device when a message is received (e.g., FIG. 20D) (which isan alert condition in this example), the electronic device may responseto the alert condition by display a notification banner without anydetails of the message (e.g., FIG. 20C). If, however, the usersubsequently looks at the electronic device, the electronic device mayfurther respond to the alert condition by updating the displayednotification to include a summary of the content of the received message(FIG. 20B). Processing an alert in a first manner after a user haslooked at the device enhances the operability of the device, improvesdata privacy (e.g., by not displaying a potentially confidential summaryto an unauthorized user) and makes the user-device interface moreefficient (e.g., by helping the user obtain additional information aboutthe alert/notification with minimal interaction) which, additionally,reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enablingthe user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the graphical user interface is a lock screeninterface (e.g., FIG. 20A) (e.g., and notifications are displayed on thelock screen interface in a missed notification region). In someembodiments, the graphical user interface is a home screen (e.g., FIG.18A) interface or an application interface (e.g., FIG. 22A), andnotifications pop up over a portion of the graphical user interface andthen automatically cease to be displayed after a predetermined timeperiod if the user does not interact with them. Applying the above alertcondition processing techniques when the device is locked, the device'soperability is enhanced by providing for better data privacy. Forexample, when the device is locked, it likely means that the user is notusing the device and potentially not using the device. In thiscircumstance, the device can improve data privacy by providing onlylimited information about an alert condition unless the device canconfirm that an authorized user is looking at the device.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 21A-21B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1000, 1300, 1700, 1900, 2300, 2500, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 2100 described above withrespect to FIGS. 21A-21B. For example, the set of alert criteria andwhether those criteria are met based on captured image data describedabove with reference to method 2100 optionally has one or more of thecharacteristics of the content-lock/authorization criteria and thedetermination of whether those criteria are met described herein withreference to other methods described herein (e.g., methods 700, 1700,1900). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 21A-21B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, detecting the occurrence of analert condition is, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive surface 604, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respectivepredefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of theevent or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls dataupdater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internalstate 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respectiveGUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in theart how other processes can be implemented based on the componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIGS. 22A-22F illustrate exemplary interfaces and processes for usingcaptured image to disambiguate an otherwise ambiguous voice command.FIGS. 23A-23B are a flow diagram illustrating methods for using capturedimage to disambiguate an otherwise ambiguous voice command in accordancewith some embodiments. The user interfaces and scenes in FIGS. 22A 22Fillustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 23A-23B.

FIG. 22A depicts device 2200, which in some examples is a specific formfactor for device 100, device 300, device 500, device 1500 describedabove. Device 2200 includes display 2201, which in some embodiments is atouch-sensitive display, and camera 2202 (which, in some embodiments iscamera 1502 of FIG. 15A). Additionally, in some embodiments of device2200, additional sensors and/or other components (e.g., flash or IRemitter) are present along with camera 2202.

In FIG. 22A, device 2200 is displaying photo viewing interface 2203 ondisplay 2201. Photo view interface 2203 includes thumbnails 2205-2216corresponding to photos that are in a currently selected album. Photoviewing interface 2203 includes select button 2204. In response toreceiving user input selecting select button 2204, photo viewinginterface 2203 is updated to include affordances for performing variousoperations, such as selecting one or more thumbnails via touch input ontouch-sensitive screen 2201 and deleting or sharing photos correspondingto selected thumbnails.

As an alternative to deleting, sharing, or performing other operationson photos that correspond to photos that have been manually selected(e.g., after selecting select button 2204 of FIG. 22A), FIG. 22B depictsuser 2222 providing voice command 2224 requesting that a photo bedeleted. Voice command 2224 (“Hey Siri, delete that photo.”), however,does not provide enough information about which photo should be deletedif there are multiple photos represented on the display of device 2200.In FIG. 22B, device 2200 uses image data captured using camera 2202 todetermine what item (e.g., photo) user 2222 (who appears in field ofview 2220 of camera 2202) is referring to based on what item on thedisplay of device 2200 user 2222 is looking at (e.g., which item isindicated by direction 2226 that user 2222 is looking).

If device 2200 determines a particular item that user 2222 was lookingat (e.g., based on captured image data that optionally includes depthdata), then device 2200 attempts to perform a function specified in thereceived voice command (e.g., voice command 2224) on content associatedwith the particular item. For example, in the case of voice command2224, the designated function is delete. If device 2200 determines thatuser 2222 was looking at thumbnail 2205 based on captured image data ofuser 2222, device 2200 deletes the photo associated with thumbnail 2205and updates photo viewing interface as depicted in FIG. 22D. Optionally,as depicted in FIG. 22C, before performing the action from the voicecommand, device 2200 updates photo viewing interface 2203 to includevisual indication 2228 that identifies thumbnail 2205 as the item thatuser 2222 was looking at when providing voice command 2224. Confirmationprompt 2230 is also displayed asking the user to confirm that the actionshould be carried out on the identified content. In some embodiments, anoperation (e.g., deletion) is performed without providing a confirmationprompt, once device identifies the target item, based on image data. Ifinput selecting delete button 2232 is received, the identified contentis deleted and photo viewing interface 2203 is updated as depicted inFIG. 22D. FIG. 22D shows that the photo associated with thumbnail 2205has been deleted by no longer displaying thumbnail 2205, rearranging theremaining thumbnails, and displaying thumbnail 2217 to fill the spacecreated by removal of thumbnail 2205. If input selecting cancel button2234 is received, the identified content is not deleted and photoviewing interface 2203 is returned to the state depicted in FIG. 22A.

FIG. 22E depicts another example of device 2200 receiving a voicecommand (e.g., voice command 2236). Like voice command 2224 (FIG. 22B),voice command 2236 (“Delete it.”) specifies a requested function(“delete”) but is ambiguous about what item the function should beperformed with or on. Upon receiving voice command 2236, device 2200analyzes captured image data to determine an item at which user 2222 waslooking when voice command 2236 was received (e.g., an item on thedisplay of device 2200 that direction 2238 indicates user 2222 waslooking at). If device 2200 determines that user 2222 was looking atthumbnail 2211 based on captured image data of user 2222, device 2200deletes the photo associated with thumbnail 2211 and updates photoviewing interface to remove thumbnail 2211. Optionally, as depicted inFIG. 22F, before performing the action from the voice command, device2200 updates photo viewing interface 2203 to include visual indication2240 that identifies thumbnail 2211 as the item that user 2222 waslooking at when providing voice command 2236. Confirmation prompt 2242is also displayed asking the user to confirm that the action should becarried out on the identified content. If input selecting delete button2244 is received, the identified content is deleted and photo viewinginterface 2203 is updated (e.g., updated to show that the photoassociated with thumbnail 2211 has been deleted by no longer displayingthumbnail 2211, rearranging the remaining thumbnails, and displaying anyadditional thumbnail to fill the space created by removal of thumbnail2211). If input selecting cancel button 2246 is received, the identifiedcontent is not deleted and photo viewing interface 2203 is returned tothe state depicted in FIG. 22D.

FIGS. 23A-23B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for usingcaptured image to disambiguate an otherwise ambiguous voice command inaccordance with some embodiments. Method 2300 is performed at a device(e.g., 100, 300, 500) with a display and a camera. Some operations inmethod 2300 are, optionally, combined, the order of some operations are,optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 2300 provides an intuitive way for usingcaptured image to disambiguate an otherwise ambiguous voice command. Themethod reduces the cognitive burden on a user for responding to an alertcondition detected at an electronic device, thereby creating a moreefficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, enabling an electronic device to use captured image todisambiguate an otherwise ambiguous voice command conserves power andincreases the time between battery charges.

An electronic device (e.g., 2200) having a display (e.g., 2201), camera2202 (e.g., having a visible light sensor, IR sensor, time of flightsensor), and a microphone, causes the display of a user interface (e.g.,2203)(e.g., an operating system home screen, a photo viewingapplication, an email application, a web browser application, a mapapplication, or a navigation application) including a plurality of userinterface elements (e.g., 2205-2216 and other elements of FIG. 22A)including a first GUI element (e.g., 2205) and a second GUI element(e.g., 2206) (e.g., graphical or textural elements for photos, contacts,messages, applications, etc. including affordances, icons, and other GUIelements).

The electronic device receives (2304) verbal user input (e.g., 2224) viathe microphone (e.g., a voice command) corresponding to a request toexecute a function (e.g., to send a message or photo, to move an email,to respond to a message, to call a contact, etc.). The input includes arequest to perform an action (e.g., “delete this photo,” “send thisphoto,” “respond to that message,” “respond to this,” “reply to her,”“call him,” “remind me about that,” “ignore it”) that could be performedwith respect to the first user interface element (e.g., 2205) or thesecond user interface element (e.g., 2206) (e.g., the verbal user inputis “message him how about 6 pm?” and the first and second GUI elementscorrespond to contacts for or messages from two different remote usersthat are male; or the verbal user input is “reply to this message ‘nothanks’” and the first and second GUI elements correspond to twodifferent messages). The user input received via the microphone does notinclude information enabling the device to determine whether to performthe action with respect to the first user interface element or thesecond GUI element (e.g., the user input is ambiguous with respect towhich of at least two GUI elements with which the function is to beexecuted (such as using a pronoun or other word that could apply to morethan one GUI element being displayed on the display)).

In response (2306) to receiving the verbal user input via the microphoneand in accordance with a determination that image data captured at atime corresponding to when the verbal user input was received (e.g.,just before the user input is received, just after the user input wasreceived, or while the user input is being received) indicates that theuser was looking at the first user interface element (e.g., 2226), theelectronic device performs (2308) the requested function with data(e.g., a photo, a phone number, an email address, an instant messageusername, a text message) associated with the first user interfaceelement (e.g., FIG. 22C). In accordance with a determination that imagedata captured at the time corresponding to when the verbal user inputwas received indicates that the user was looking at the second userinterface element, the electronic device performs (2310) the requestedfunction with data (e.g., a photo, a phone number, an email address, atext message) associated with the second user interface element. In someembodiments, the electronic device captures (2318) the image data (e.g.,visible light data, IR light data, depth image data, etc.) from thecamera.

By determining an element that is the subject of the request functionfrom captured image data, the man-machine interface is improved byreducing the number of user input necessary to perform functions on theelectronic device and the complexity of the required user input. Forexample, by allowing for an ambiguous designation of the target of arequested function, the user's interaction with the electronic device issimplified by not requiring the user to determine an unambiguousdesignation of the function target.

In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that image datacaptured at the time corresponding to when the verbal user input wasreceived indicates that the user was not looking at the electronicdevice (e.g., FIG. 15B), the electronic device prompts (2312) the userto provide clarification (e.g., similar to prompt 2230 but asking forthe user to select the photo to delete). For example, the electronicdevice displays a message asking the user to select (e.g., via a touchgesture) a graphical object corresponding to content that the requestedfunction should be performed on. This enhances the operability of theelectronic device by allowing the electronic device to respond to theuser's voice requests even when the voice requests are ambiguous and theuse is not looking at the electronic device. This allows for longersustained interactions with a user by providing an improved man-machineinterface that properly responds to a wider variety of user inputs, evenwhen the user inputs are ambiguous.

In some embodiments, the electronic device receives (2314) additionalverbal input via the microphone corresponding to an additional requestto execute a function, wherein the input includes a request to performan action with respect to a third interface element and the additionaluser input received via the microphone includes information enabling theelectronic device to determine the action with respect to the third userinterface element (e.g., “delete the album” while FIG. 22A is displayedcan only refer to one album). The electronic device performs (2316) theadditional requested function regardless of the content of image datacaptured at the time corresponding to when the additional verbal userinput was received. Performing the additional request functionregardless of the content of image data enables a user to provide voicecommands without worry about where the user's focus is located. Thisenhances the operability of the device and makes the user-deviceinterface more efficient (e.g., by reducing the cognitive burden on theuser associated with having to look at a particular object on the screenand reducing the load on computing resources by not processing (or evencapturing) image data) which, additionally, reduces power usage andimproves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use thedevice more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the verbal user input (e.g., 2236 of FIG. 22E)includes an ambiguous reference (e.g., “it”) to a user interface elementof the plurality of user interface elements (e.g., FIGS. 22B and 22E).In some embodiments, the request includes a reference to a userinterface element that is applicable to both the first and second GUIelements (e.g., “it” could refer to any of the photos represented in theinterface of FIG. 22F), such as “send a response” when there arerepresentations of multiple messages displayed on the display or “remindme about that” when there are multiple calendar events or to do itemsdisplayed on the display. In some embodiments, the request includes anidentification of the function to execute (e.g., the request includes“delete,” “send,” “reply,” “move,” “remind,” etc. and/or, optionally,other data that further refines the function, such as a destination,recipient, method for carrying out the function, or other information).

In some embodiments, the first user interface element (e.g., 634 of FIG.6I) (2320) corresponds to a first user and the second user interfaceelement corresponds to a second user (e.g., 635 of FIG. 6I). In someembodiments, the GUI is a messaging application and the first and secondGUI elements represent different messages from the first user and thesecond user. Examples of functions that could be executed includesending a reply to the identified message or calling the user that sentthe corresponding message. In some embodiments, the data associated withthe first user interface element corresponds to first contactinformation and the data associated with the second user interfaceelement corresponds to second contact information. In some embodiments,the GUI is a contact information interface and the first and second GUIelements correspond to different users whose contact information isstored on the electronic device. Examples of functions that could beexecuted with the identified GUI element include sending a message orcalling the identified user based on information in the associatedcontact information. In some embodiments, the function is acommunication function (e.g., sending a message, replying to a message,calling a user, sharing a photo, etc.).

In some embodiments, the first user interface element (e.g., 2205 ofFIG. 22A) corresponds to a first photo and the second user interfaceelement (e.g., 2206 of FIG. 22A) corresponds to a second photo. In someembodiments, the GUI is a photo album application (e.g., 2203) and thefirst and second GUI elements correspond to different photos stored onthe electronic device and displayed on the display (FIG. 22A). Examplesof functions that could be performed include deleting, moving, sharing,sending, editing, etc. In some embodiments, the function is a functionthat deletes data.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 23A-23B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1000, 1300, 1700, 1900, 2100, 2500, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 2300 described above withrespect to FIGS. 23A-23B. For example, the determination of where a useris looking described above with reference to method 2300 optionally hasone or more of the characteristics of the analysis of captured imagedata to determine whether an authorized users is looking at the devicedescribed herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 1700, 1900). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 23A-23B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, detecting the occurrence of thealert condition is, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, eventrecognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive surface 604, and eventdispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 comparesthe event information to respective event definitions 186, anddetermines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respectivepredefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of theevent or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls dataupdater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internalstate 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respectiveGUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in theart how other processes can be implemented based on the componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIGS. 24A-24H illustrate exemplary user interfaces and captured imagedata for generating a high dynamic range (HDR) image. FIGS. 25A-25B is aflow diagram illustrating methods for generating an HDR image inaccordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in FIGS. 24A 24Hillustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 25A-25B.

FIG. 24A depicts device 2400, which in some examples is a specific formfactor for device 100, device 300, device 500, or device 1500 describedabove. Device 2400 includes display 2401, which is a touch-sensitivedisplay, and camera (e.g., camera 2402 on backside of device 2400depicted in FIG. 24B). In some embodiments, camera 2402 is the same typeof camera as camera 1502 (FIG. 15A). Additionally, in some embodimentsof device 2400, additional sensors and/or other components (e.g., flashor IR emitter) are present along with camera 2402.

In FIG. 24A, device 2400 is displaying camera application interface 2403on touch-sensitive display 2401. Camera application interface 2403includes preview area 2404 that reflects a scene that is within thefield of view of camera 2402 (FIG. 24B). The scene includes person 2406,tree 2408, mountains 2410, and sun 2412. Focus indicator 2414 showswhere in the scene camera 2402 is currently focused. In FIG. 24A, focusindicator 2414 shows that camera 2402 is currently focused on person2406. In the case of the scene in FIG. 24A, sun 2412 is in a positionsuch that mountains 2410 are brightly illuminated while sun 2412 isbehind person 2406 and tree 2408 causing both to be in their own shadowsin the scene. Because the focus of camera 2402 is on person 2406, theexposure settings for camera 2402 are also set for person 2406. Whilethese exposure settings work well for person 2406 and tree 2408 (whichare in their own shadows), these exposure settings will cause mountains2410 (and possibly the clouds and/or sun) to be over exposed (e.g.,washed out or faded). This is represented by the dotted lines of themountains, clouds, and sun in FIG. 24A. Camera application interface2403 also includes HDR button 2416, which will be described with respectto FIG. 24D, and shutter button 2418 that causes camera 2402 to captureimage data representing the scene within camera 2402's field of view.

In response to receiving gesture input in the form of contact 2420,device 2400 changes camera 2402's point of focus to correspond to thelocation of contact 2402, as depicted in FIG. 24C. In FIG. 24C, thelocation of focus indicator 2414 has moved to show that the focus ofcamera 2402 (FIG. 24B) is now on mountains 2410. Additionally, theexposure settings are now set based on mountains 2410 so that they areproperly exposed but person 2406 and tree 2408 are now under exposed(e.g., dark). This is represented in FIG. 24D by the thick lines ofperson 2406 and tree 2408.

In response to receiving gesture input in the form of contact 2422 onHDR button 2416, the camera application switches to an HDR mode, whichis depicted in FIG. 24D, so that different parts of the scene arecaptured with different camera settings (e.g., exposure settings) sothat more of the scene is captured with camera settings that areappropriate for the respective portion of the scene. In FIG. 24D, cameraapplication interface 2403 includes display of HDR indicator 2424 toshow that the camera application is in HDR mode. Because different partsof the scene are captured with different camera settings tailored to thelighting conditions in the respective portion of the scene, more of theimage data for the scene is captured with appropriate camera settings.For example, in the scene of FIG. 24D, person 2406, tree 2408, andmountains 2410 all appear to have the correct exposure settings.

In response to receiving gesture input in the form of contact 2426 onshutter button 2418, device 2400 captures image data, using camera 2402(FIG. 24B), for the scene within the field of view of camera 2402. Tocreate an HDR image, device 2400 captures image data from camera 2402(FIG. 24B) at least twice. The first image data is captured from camera2402 with a first set of camera settings that are based on an analysisof a first region of the scene. The second image data is captured fromcamera 2402 with a second set of camera settings that are based on ananalysis of a second region of the scene that is different than thefirst region. In some cases, the first region is the inverse of thesecond region, the first region and the second region do not overlap butare also not inverse of each other, or the first region and the secondregion overlap but not completely. In some embodiments, the first regionrepresents an area in the scene that is within a range of distances fromthe camera and the second region represents an area in the scene that iswithin a different range of distances from the camera. The distance fromthe camera to various points in the scene can be determined based ondepth data for the scene. The depth data can be determined from one ormore sensors (e.g., a time of flight sensor or a speckle-based sensor)within or external to camera 2402. Alternatively, depth data for thescene can be based on other techniques, such as parallax (e.g., usingmore than one camera or more than one image sensor within one camera) orfocal length measurements.

FIG. 24E depicts an example first region and an example second regionused to determine settings for different regions of the scene. In FIG.24E, captured image data 2428 includes depth data (not shown) forassociated visible light data (shown in FIG. 24E) that is also incapture image data 2428. The depth data is used to partition thecaptured image data (and the scene) into two regions. Region 2430represents the portion of the scene that is at a distance greater thanthe distance to the tree (e.g., the range of distances in region 2430 isthe range of distances greater than the distance to the tree). Region2432 represents the portion of the scene that is at a distance less thanor equal to the distance to the tree (e.g., the ranges of distance inregion 2432 is the range of distances less or equal to distance to thetree). Device 2400 then analyzes captured image data 2428 to determinecamera settings for first region 2430 and second region 2432. The camerasettings can contain any one or more camera setting, such as exposure,white balance, ISO, aperture, etc. The first camera settings aredifferent than the second camera settings in that at least one camerasetting is different between the two (e.g., the exposure is different).

Once the first and second camera settings are determined, device 2400captures first image data and second image data from camera 2402 usingthe first camera settings and the second camera settings, respectively.For example, in FIG. 24F, captured image data 2434 is captured usingcamera settings most appropriate for the mountains and sun (e.g., camerasettings based on region 2430 of FIG. 24E) and that leave the person andthe tree underexposed, as indicated by the thick lines in captured imagedata 2434. Still referring to FIG. 24F, captured image data 2436 iscaptured using camera settings most appropriate for the person and thetree (e.g., camera settings based on region 2432 of FIG. 24E) that leavethe mountains and the tree overexposed, as indicated by the dashed linesin captured image 2436.

Once device 2400 obtains captured image data 2434 and captured imagedata 2436, device 2400 combines the image data to produce an HDR image.For example, the portion of captured image data 2434 (FIG. 24F)corresponding to region 2430 (FIG. 24E) and the portion of capturedimage data 2436 (FIG. 24F) corresponding to region 2440 (FIG. 24E) arecombined (e.g., stitched) together, and optionally post-processed, toproduce an HDR image that device 2400 stores for later viewing orsharing. As another example, device 2400 combines captured image data2434 and captured image data 2436 by blending the image data using ablend mode, such as standard, dissolve, or multiply and screen blendmode.

After (or while) device 2400 combines captured image data 2434 andcaptured image data 2436 to generate an HDR image, device 2400 displayscamera application interface 2403 as described with respect to FIG. 24Dagain, as depicted in FIG. 24G. In response to receiving gesture inputin the form of contact 2440 on photo view button 2438 (which may be athumbnail of a recently captured photo), device 2400 replaces display ofcamera application interface 2403 with photo view interface 2442, whichdisplays HDR image 2444, as depicted in FIG. 24H.

FIGS. 25A-25B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for generating aHDR image in accordance with some embodiments. Method 2500 is performedat a device (e.g., 100, 300, 500) with a display and a camera. Someoperations in method 2500 are, optionally, combined, the order of someoperations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are,optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 2500 provides an intuitive way for generatinga HDR image. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user forgenerating a HDR image, thereby creating a more efficient human-machineinterface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling anelectronic device to generate a HDR image conserves power and increasesthe time between battery charges.

An electronic device (e.g., 2400) has a display and a camera (e.g.,2402) including one or more image sensors (e.g., a visible light sensor,a light sensor outside the visible spectrum (such as infrared lightsensors), and/or non-light sensors (such as time-of-flight sensors orother depth sensors). While a scene (e.g., 2404) is in a field of viewof the camera, the electronic device receives (2502) a request (e.g.,activation of a physical button or selection of an affordance displayedon a touch-sensitive display) to capture image data with the camera.

In response to the request to capture the image data, the electronicdevice captures (2504) image data (e.g., visible light data, non-visiblelight data (such as IR data), and/or depth data (such as time-of-flightdata)) corresponding to the scene. Capturing the image data includes theelectronic device capturing (2506) first image data (e.g., 2434) withfirst image capture settings (e.g., one or more settings for the camera,such as exposure level, exposure time, ISO, aperture size, focal length,etc.) that are selected based on an appearance of a first portion (e.g.,2430) of the scene (e.g., an exposure level is chosen that is optimizedfor the first portion but is not optimized for another portion) that isdetermined to correspond to a first depth region (e.g., a range ofdistances from the one or more image sensors as determined by, forexample, depth information) that is a first distance from the imagesensors. The electronic device captures (2508) second image data (e.g.,2436) (e.g., of the same or different type than the first image data)with second image capture settings that are different from the firstimage capture settings (e.g., a set of image capture settings that hasat least one setting different than the set of image capture settingscorresponding to the first image capture settings or a set of imagecapture settings that are completely different than the set of imagecapture settings corresponding to the first image capture settings). Thesecond image capture settings are selected based on an appearance of asecond portion (e.g., 2432) of the scene that is determined tocorrespond to a second depth region that is a second distance from thecamera. After capturing the image data corresponding to the scene, theelectronic device causes the display of, on the display, an image (e.g.,2444) of the scene, wherein the image of the scene is generated bycombining the first image data and the second image data (e.g., thefirst image data is cropped so that the cropped first image datarepresents the first image data corresponding to the first portion ofthe scene and the cropped first image data is overlaid and optionallyblended with the second image data). Capturing second image data withsettings that are different than the settings used for the first imagedata enables a user to capture image data using suitable settingsadapted to a larger portion of the scene. This enhances the operabilityof the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g.,by enabling the user to create an image with a larger portion of theimage having been captured with proper camera settings and preventingthe need to take multiple images and combine them later) which,additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of thedevice by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In some embodiments, the electronic device causes display (2514) of alive preview (e.g., FIG. 24D) at least at a time corresponding to thetime the request to capture image data is received. In some embodiments,live image data is captured from the camera and displayed on thedisplay.

In some embodiments, the request (2510) to capture image data is aselection of a shutter button (e.g., 2418) (e.g., a virtual shutterbutton or a physical button that serves as a shutter button). In someembodiments, a camera application is being displayed, and the cameraapplication that includes a displayed affordance for a virtual shutterbutton. In response to selection of the affordance (e.g., a tap gestureon the virtual shutter button) the first and second image data iscaptured.

In some embodiments, the first image data and the second image data(2512) each include image data corresponding to both the first andsecond portions of the scene, a portion of the image of the scenecorresponding to the first portion of the scene includes a greaterproportion of data from the first image data, and/or a portion of theimage of the scene corresponding to the second portion of the sceneincludes a greater proportion of data from the second image data. Insome embodiments, in the combined image scene, the first region from thefirst image data is emphasized over the corresponding region in thesecond image data by using a blending function that weights the firstimage data higher than the second image data in the first portion. Insome embodiments, in the combined image scene, the second region fromthe second image data is emphasized over the corresponding region in thefirst image data by using a blending function that weights the secondimage data higher than the first image data in the second portion.

In some embodiments, the electronic device determines (2518) the firstdepth region based on distance information from parallax calculations.In some embodiments, the camera uses two or more image sensors tocapture image data and generate depth data using the parallax betweenthe two or more image sensors. In some embodiments, the electronicdevice determines the first depth region based on distance informationfrom a depth sensor (e.g., the camera includes a speckle-based sensorsor a time-of-flight sensor). In some embodiments, the first depth regioncorresponds to a first range of distance values (e.g., less than 5 mfrom the camera or between 1 m and 1.5 m). In some embodiments, thesecond depth region corresponds to a second range of distance valuesdifferent than the first range of distance values. (e.g., greater than 5m from the camera or between 6 m and 10 m). In some embodiments, thefirst depth region and the second depth region are mutually exclusive(e.g., FIG. 24E) (e.g., the first depth region is a lower half of thescene and the second depth region is the upper third).

In some embodiments, the first image capture settings (2520) include asetting selected from the group consisting of: an exposure level, anaperture size, an ISO level, and a focal length; (or other settings thataffect how image data is captured). In some embodiments, the secondimage capture settings (2522) includes a setting for at least one of anexposure, an aperture size, an ISO level, or a focal length (or othersettings that affect how image data is captured) different than thecorresponding setting in the first image capture settings.

In some embodiments, the first image capture settings (2524) are basedon third image data (e.g., 2428) captured before capturing the firstimage data. In some embodiments, third image data is captured prior tothe first image data and the second image data. The third image data isthen analyzed to determine a first and second region and correspondingimage capture settings. In some embodiments, the third image data is thelive preview image data discussed above. In some embodiments, the firstimage capture settings are based on image data in the third image datacorresponding to the first depth region (e.g., a region corresponding tothe first depth region in the third image data is analyzed to determineoptimal image capture settings for the first image capture settings) andthe second image capture settings are based on image data in a region ofthe third image data corresponding to the second depth region (e.g., aregion corresponding to the second depth region in the third image datais analyzed to determine optimal image capture settings for the secondimage capture settings). In some embodiments, the first image data, thesecond image data, and the image of the scene have the same resolution(e.g., the first image data, the second image data, the image of thescene have the same number of pixels arranged in the same horizontal andvertical dimensions). Using third image data to determine settings touse for capturing first image data and second image data enables thedevice to use data representing the scene itself to determine propercamera settings for two or more portions of the scene. This enhances theoperability of the device (e.g., by using captured image data todetermine two sets of camera settings additional analysis of image datais avoided) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improvesbattery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device morequickly and efficiently.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 25A-25B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 700, 1000, 1300, 1700, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2700) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 2500 described above withrespect to FIGS. 25A-25B. For example, the capture of image datadescribed above with reference to method 2500 optionally has one or moreof the characteristics of the capture of image data described hereinwith reference to other methods described herein (e.g., method 2700).For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally, implemented by running one or more functional modulesin an information processing apparatus such as general purposeprocessors (e.g., as described with respect to FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A) orapplication specific chips. Further, the operations described above withreference to FIGS. 25A-25B are, optionally, implemented by componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, receiving a request to captureimage data with the camera is, optionally, implemented by event sorter170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 inevent sorter 170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive surface 604, andevent dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information toapplication 136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application136-1 compares the event information to respective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on thetouch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event,such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respectivepredefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of theevent or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls dataupdater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internalstate 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respectiveGUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in theart how other processes can be implemented based on the componentsdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

FIG. 26A-26K illustrate exemplary user interfaces, scenes, and capturedimage data for generating composite images based on depth data. FIGS.27A-27B are a flow diagram illustrating method for generating compositeimages based on depth data. The user interfaces, scenes, and capturedimage data in FIGS. 26A-26K illustrate the processes described below,including the processes in FIGS. 27A-27B.

FIG. 26A depicts a user holding device 2600, which in some examples is aspecific form factor for device 100, device 300, device 500, or device1500 described above. Device 2600 includes display 2601, which is atouch-sensitive display, and camera 2601 facing the front of device 2600and camera 2604 on backside of device 2600 depicted in FIG. 26C.Additionally, in some embodiments of device 2600, additional sensorsand/or other components (e.g., flash or IR emitter) are present alongwith camera 2602 and camera 2604. Camera 2602 has field of view 2603encompassing a scene in front of device 2600. Camera 2604 has field ofview 2605 encompassing scene 2606 in back of device 2600. In someembodiments camera 2602 and camera 2604 are the same type of camera ascamera 1502 of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 26B depicts device 2600 displaying camera application interface2607 on touch sensitive display 2601. Camera application interface 2607includes a display of image data 2608 representing scene 2606 withinfield of view 2605 of camera 2604 (FIG. 26C). Camera applicationinterface 2607 also includes shutter button 2614 and composite modebutton 2610. In response to gesture input in the form of contact 2612 oncomposite mode button 2610, the camera application enters a compositemode as depicted in FIG. 26D or 26E.

FIG. 26C depicts the back of device 2600, which includes camera 2604.Camera 2604 has field of view 2605 that encompasses a scene behinddevice 2600, as depicted in FIG. 26A.

FIG. 26D depicts camera application interface 2607 after the cameraapplication has entered composite mode. In addition to image data 2608from camera 2604, camera application interface 2607 now also includesimage data 2616 captured from camera 2602. Image data 2616 shows theuser of device 2600 that is holding device 2600 (see FIG. 26A).

FIG. 26E depicts an alternative embodiment of camera applicationinterface 2607 after the camera application has entered composite mode.As opposed to FIG. 26D, in FIG. 26E, camera application interface 2607provides a preview of the composite of image data 2608 and image data2616 by displaying image data 2608 with image data portion 2617 of imagedata 2616.

The preview in camera application interface 2607 is optionally a “live”preview that updates as device 2600 is moved. For example, in FIG. 26F,device 2600 has been tilted as compared to FIG. 26E. In response, thepreview in camera application interface 2600 is updated to reflect thenew scenes that are within the cameras' fields of view.

In FIG. 26G, which depicts device 2600 after returning to the same tiltas was present in FIG. 26E, device 2600 receives gesture input in theform of contact 2618 on shutter button 2614. In response, device 2600captures image data from camera 2602 and camera 2604.

FIG. 26H depicts image data 2620 captured from back-facing camera 2604.Image data 2620 is of a scene within field of view 2605 (FIG. 26A) ofcamera 2604 (FIG. 26C). Device 2600 uses depth data for image data 2620to determine a first region in image data 2620 that corresponds to aportion of the scene that is within a range of distances from camera2604. For example, device 2600 uses depth data to determine that portion2622 of image data 2620 is within 1.5 m of camera 2604.

FIG. 26I depicts image data 2624 captured from front-facing camera 2602.Image data 2624 is of a scene within field of view 2603 (FIG. 26A) ofcamera 2602. After capturing image data 2620 and 2624, device 2600combines image data 2620 and image data 2624 to create image datarepresenting a composite image. In one example, device 2600 combinesimage data 2620 and image data 2624 by overlaying portion 2622 of imagedata 2620 over image data 2624, as depicted in image data 2626, whichdevice 2600 stores for later viewing or sharing. In another example,device 2600 blends a portion (e.g., determined based on depth data) ofimage data 2620 with image data 2624. Device 2600 optionally blendsanother, different portion (e.g., also determined based on depth data)of image data 2620 with image data 2624 using a different blend mode.

After (or while) device 2600 combines a portion of captured image data2620 and captured image data 2624 to generate a composite image, device2600 displays camera application interface 2607 as described withrespect to FIG. 26E, as depicted in FIG. 26J. In response to receivinggesture input in the form of contact 2630 (FIG. 26J) on photo viewbutton 2628 (which may be a thumbnail of a recently captured image),device 2600 replaces display of camera application interface 2607 withphoto view interface 2632, which displays composite image data 2626, asdepicted in FIG. 26K.

FIGS. 27A-27B are a flow diagram illustrating a method for generatingcomposite images based on depth data in accordance with someembodiments. Method 2700 is performed at a device (e.g., 100, 300, 500,2600) with a display and a camera. Some operations in method 2700 are,optionally, combined, the order of some operations are, optionally,changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 2700 provides an intuitive way for generatingcomposite images based on depth data. The method reduces the cognitiveburden on a user for generating composite images based on depth data,thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. Forbattery-operated computing devices, enabling an electronic device togenerate composite images based on depth data conserves power andincreases the time between battery charges.

An electronic device (e.g., 2600) has a first camera (e.g., 2602) (e.g.,front facing camera having a visible light sensor, a light sensoroutside the visible spectrum (such as infrared light sensors), and/ornon-light sensors (such as time-of-flight sensors or other depthsensors)) on a first side (e.g., the front or same side as the display)of the electronic device and a second camera (e.g., 2604) (e.g., backfacing camera having a visible light sensor, a light sensor outside thevisible spectrum (such as infrared light sensors), and/or non-lightsensors (such as time-of-flight sensors or other depth sensors)) on asecond side (e.g., the back or opposite side as the display) of theelectronic device opposite the first side. In some embodiments, thedisplay (2720) of the electronic device is on the first side of theelectronic device. For example, the first camera faces the user of theelectronic device when the user is positioned in front of the display ofthe electronic device.

While (2702) a first scene (e.g., a scene of the user of the electronicdevice) is in a field of view (e.g., 2603) of the first camera and asecond scene (e.g., a scene that the user of the electronic devicewishes to appear in) different than the first scene is in a field ofview (e.g., 2605) of the second camera: the electronic device captures(2704) first image data (2620) of the first scene with the first camera,wherein the first image data includes depth image data (e.g.,time-of-flight information, distance information, data derived fromparallax of multiple image sensors in the first camera, etc.) andvisible light image data (e.g., from one or more visible light sensorsin the first camera) and the depth image data indicates that a firstportion (e.g., 2622) of the first image data corresponds to a firstportion of the scene that is in a first depth region (e.g., a range ofdistances from the camera as determined by, for example, depth imagedata) that is a first distance from the first camera and a secondportion of the image data corresponds to a second portion of the scenethat is in a second depth region that is a second distance from thefirst image sensor that is different from the first distance; andcaptures (2706) second image data (e.g., 2624) of the second scene fromthe second camera (e.g., simultaneously with or in close succession tocapturing the first image data and, optionally, in response to a singleuser input). After capturing the first image data and the second imagedata, the electronic device combines (2708) the second image data andthe first portion of the first image data to create a combined image(e.g., 2626) (e.g., overlaying the cropped first image data onto thesecond captured image data to make it appear like the first croppedfirst image data was part of the second captured image data). Combiningthe first image data and second image data enables a user to create animage that would be difficult or impossible for the user to otherwisecreate. This enhances the operability of the device and makes theuser-device interface more efficient (e.g., by allowing the user tocreate an image that could not otherwise be captured and to allow forthe creation of the image without further user interaction) which,additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of thedevice by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In some embodiments, combining the second image data and the firstportion of the first image data includes cropping the first image databased on depth image data (e.g., cropping a person in the captured firstimage data based on the person being represented by a shallower depth inthe depth image data). In some embodiments, cropping the image data isbased on the first depth region (e.g., analyzing data in the first imagedata to determine depth data or extracting the depth image data from thefirst image data when the depth image data is stored within the firstimage data).

In some embodiments, the electronic device modifies (2710) lightingparameters of the first image data prior to creating the combined image.For example, if a lighting source, such as the sun, lights the firstimage data from one side but the lighting source lights the second imagedata from a different side, such as the opposite side, then the lightingin the first portion of the first image data is adjusted using imageprocessing techniques. The modifications to the lighting can be donebefore or after combining the first portion of the first image data withthe second image data. In some embodiments, the lighting is modified sothat the brightness or other image characteristics in the first portionof the first image data matches or is otherwise based on the brightnessor corresponding characteristics in the second image data. In someembodiments, modifying the lighting parameters of the first image datais based on a direction of light detected in the second image data. Insome embodiments, modifying the lighting parameters of the first imagedata is based on a brightness of light detected in the second imagedata. In some embodiments, modifying the lighting parameters of thefirst image data is based on depth image data for the first image data.Modifying the lighting parameters of the first image data enablescreation of a combined image that looks less like an image that wascreated from two separate images and more like an image that was theresult of a single capture. This enhances the operability of the deviceand makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping theuser to achieve an intended result with minimal interactions andreducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device)which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life ofthe device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In some embodiments, the electronic device causes display (2712) of thecombined image (e.g., 2626) on a display of the electronic device (e.g.,26K) (e.g., display a user that was captured in the first image datawith a scene that was captured in the second image data). In someembodiments, capturing (2718) the first image data and capturing thesecond image data occur in response to a single user input (e.g., 2618)(e.g., both image data are captured simultaneously or substantiallysimultaneously). In some embodiments, the single user input is receivedwhile displaying a live preview based on image data from the first orsecond camera (e.g., FIG. 26G) (e.g., a live preview of the first imagedata, the second image data, or a composite of a portion of the firstimage data and the second image data). In some embodiments, the combinedimage is not based on the second portion of the first image data,wherein the second portion does not overlap the first portion.

In some embodiments, a first portion (2716) of the combined imageincludes a greater proportion of data from the first image data thanfrom the second image data. In some embodiments, a portion of thecombined image is primarily constructed or completely constructed usingdata from the first image data with a lesser proportion (or noproportion) of data from the second image data. For example, the firstimage data is captured from a front-facing camera and captures imagedata that includes the user of the electronic device. The second imagedata is captured from a back-facing camera and captures image data of ascene that the user wishes to appear in. Using depth data for the firstimage data, the first image data is cropped to include image datacorresponding to a range of distances from the front-facing camera. Thecropped first image data is then combined with the second image data by,for example, overlaying the cropped first image data onto the secondimage data and, optionally, using one or more blending functions. Insome embodiments, the first image data (2714) includes image data of auser of the electronic device (e.g., FIG. 26H). Using primarily datafrom one image capture with a first camera as opposed to another imagecapture from a second camera enables for a higher quality/resolutionimage where the first camera is a better (e.g., more sensitive, higherquality, higher resolution) than the second camera. Additionally, usingtwo separate cameras allows for images with different fields of view tocapture image data that a single camera cannot capture. This enhancesthe operability of the device by providing for better composite imagesthe depicts scenes that could not otherwise be captured.

In some embodiments, combining the second image data and the firstportion of the first image data is based on a first blend setting. Insome embodiments, the electronic device combines the second image dataand a second portion of the first image data based on a second blendsetting different than the first blend settings. In some embodiments,the first portion of the first image data is combined with the secondimage data with a first weighting factor or a first blend mode. Thesecond portion of the first image data is combined with the second imagedata based on a second weighting factor that is different (e.g.,smaller) than the first weighting factor or a different, second blendmode. Using different blend settings for different parts of a scenewhile combing first and second captured image data for the scene enablesfor more realistic composite images by choosing specific blend settingsfor different parts of the scene. This enhances the operability of thedevice by providing for better composite images.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the techniques and their practical applications. Othersskilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniquesand various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described withreference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that variouschanges and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in theart. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as beingincluded within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined bythe claims.

As described above, one aspect of the present technology is thegathering and use of data available from various sources to improve thedelivery to users of invitational content or any other content that maybe of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in someinstances, this gathered data may include personal information data thatuniquely identifies or can be used to communicate with or locate aspecific person. Such personal information data can include demographicdata, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, homeaddresses, or any other identifying information.

The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personalinformation data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefitof users. For example, the personal information data can be used todeliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user.Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables calculatedcontrol of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personalinformation data that benefit the user are also contemplated by thepresent disclosure.

The present disclosure further contemplates that the entitiesresponsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage,or other use of such personal information data will comply withwell-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. Inparticular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacypolicies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting orexceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personalinformation data private and secure. For example, personal informationfrom users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of theentity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further,such collection should occur only after receiving the informed consentof the users. Additionally, such entities would take any needed stepsfor safeguarding and securing access to such personal information dataand ensuring that others with access to the personal information dataadhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entitiescan subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify theiradherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices.

Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplatesembodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to,personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplatesthat hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent orblock access to such personal information data. For example, in the caseof advertisement delivery services, the present technology can beconfigured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” ofparticipation in the collection of personal information data duringregistration for services. In another example, users can select not toprovide location information for targeted content delivery services. Inyet another example, users can select to not provide precise locationinformation, but permit the transfer of location zone information.

Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use ofpersonal information data to implement one or more various disclosedembodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the variousembodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing suchpersonal information data. That is, the various embodiments of thepresent technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all ora portion of such personal information data. For example, content can beselected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based onnon-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personalinformation, such as the content being requested by the deviceassociated with a user, other non-personal information available to thecontent delivery services, or publically available information.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electronic device, comprising: a display; a camera; one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes a representation of content; while displaying the user interface that includes the representation of content, receiving first user input on the electronic device corresponding to a request for performing a predefined action on the content; and in response to receiving the first user input: in accordance with a determination, based on captured image data captured by the camera, that a set of authorization criteria is met, wherein the authorization criteria include a criterion that is met when the captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present in front of the camera and was looking at the display at the time that the user input was received, performing the predefined action; and in accordance with a determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met because the captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present in front of the camera and was not looking at the display, forgoing performance of the predefined action and displaying a confirmation interface providing an affordance that, when activated, performs the predefined action.
 2. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for: capturing the captured image data with the camera at a time that corresponds to a time at which the first user input was received.
 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the predefined action is a destructive action.
 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the request for performing the predefined action is a request to erase or delete the content.
 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the predefined action includes navigating to a particular view of the user interface associated with the content.
 6. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in accordance with the determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met, switching the electronic device into a locked state.
 7. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in response to receiving the first user input: in accordance with the determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met, prompting the user to authenticate by looking at the camera.
 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the user interface includes a list of graphical elements representing a plurality of data objects, wherein the representation of the content is one of the graphical elements and the content is an associated data object of the plurality of data objects.
 9. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for: receiving second user input on the representation of the content that exceeds an intensity threshold; and subsequent to receiving the second user input, restricting access to the content, including requiring that captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user is present in front of the camera and is looking at the display in order for the content to be accessed in response to the second first user input.
 10. The electronic device of claim 9, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in response to receiving the second user input, displaying an affordance, wherein, in response to selection of the affordance, the electronic device stores an indication on the electronic device that accessing the content requires that a set of access criteria be met.
 11. The electronic device of claim 10, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in response to receiving the first user input, determining whether the indication is present for the content.
 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the set of authorization criteria further includes a criterion that a face in the captured image data corresponds to one or more authorized faces previously registered with the device.
 13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a display and a camera, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes a representation of content; while displaying the user interface that includes the representation of content, receiving first user input on the electronic device corresponding to a request for performing a predefined action on the content; and in response to receiving the first user input: in accordance with a determination, based on captured image data captured by the camera, that a set of authorization criteria is met, wherein the authorization criteria include a criterion that is met when the captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present in front of the camera and was looking at the display at the time that the first user input was received, performing the predefined action; and in accordance with a determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met because the captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present in front of the camera and was not looking at the display, forgoing performance of the predefined action and displaying a confirmation interface providing an affordance that, when activated, performs the predefined action.
 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, the one or more programs further including instructions for: capturing the captured image data with the camera at a time that corresponds to a time at which the first user input was received.
 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the predefined action is a destructive action.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the request for performing the predefined action is a request to erase or delete the content.
 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the predefined action includes navigating to a particular view of the user interface associated with the content.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in accordance with the determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met, switching the electronic device into a locked state.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in response to receiving the first user input: in accordance with the determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met, prompting the user to authenticate by looking at the camera.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the user interface includes a list of graphical elements representing a plurality of data objects, wherein the representation of the content is one of the graphical elements and the content is an associated data object of the plurality of data objects.
 21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, the one or more programs further including instructions for: receiving second user input on the representation of the content that exceeds an intensity threshold; and subsequent to receiving the second user input, restricting access to the content, including requiring that captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user is present in front of the camera and is looking at the display in order for the content to be accessed in response to the first user input.
 22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 21, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in response to receiving the second user input, displaying an affordance, wherein, in response to selection of the affordance, the electronic device stores an indication on the electronic device that accessing the content requires that a set of access criteria be met.
 23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, the one or more programs further including instructions for: in response to receiving the first user input, determining whether the indication is present for the content.
 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the set of authorization criteria further includes a criterion that a face in the captured image data corresponds to one or more authorized faces previously registered with the device.
 25. The method of claim 14, further comprising: capturing the captured image data with the camera at a time that corresponds to a time at which the first user input was received.
 26. A method comprising: at an electronic device having a display and a camera: displaying, on the display, a user interface that includes a representation of content; while displaying the user interface that includes the representation of content, receiving first user input on the electronic device corresponding to a request for performing a predefined action on the content; and in response to receiving the first user input: in accordance with a determination, based on captured image data captured by the camera, that a set of authorization criteria is met, wherein the authorization criteria include a criterion that is met when the captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present in front of the camera and was looking at the display at the time that the first user input was received, performing the predefined action; and in accordance with a determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met because the captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user was present in front of the camera and was not looking at the display, forgoing performance of the predefined action and displaying a confirmation interface providing an affordance that, when activated, performs the predefined action.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the predefined action is a destructive action.
 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the request for performing the predefined action is a request to erase or delete the content.
 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the predefined action includes navigating to a particular view of the user interface associated with the content.
 30. The method of claim 26, further comprising: in accordance with the determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met, switching the electronic device into a locked state.
 31. The method of claim 26, further comprising: in response to receiving the first user input: in accordance with the determination, based on the captured image data, that the set of authorization criteria is not met, prompting the user to authenticate by looking at the camera.
 32. The method of claim 26, wherein the user interface includes a list of graphical elements representing a plurality of data objects, wherein the representation of the content is one of the graphical elements and the content is an associated data object of the plurality of data objects.
 33. The method of claim 26, further comprising: receiving second user input on the representation of the content that exceeds an intensity threshold; and subsequent to receiving the second user input, restricting access to the content, including requiring that captured image data indicates that the face of an authorized user is present in front of the camera and is looking at the display in order for the content to be accessed in response to the first user input.
 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising: in response to receiving the second user input, displaying an affordance, wherein, in response to selection of the affordance, the electronic device stores an indication on the electronic device that accessing the content requires that a set of access criteria be met.
 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising: in response to receiving the first user input, determining whether the indication is present for the content.
 36. The method of claim 26, wherein the set of authorization criteria further includes a criterion that a face in the captured image data corresponds to one or more authorized faces previously registered with the device. 